Display Technology

ZKE 324 Dr Fatanah Suhaimi

DISPLAYS
Pixel picture element Size: diagonal length of screen Resolution (pixels on screen) VGA: 480 x 640 SVGA: 600 x 800 768 x 1024 1280 x 1024 Picture size calculation Resolution x bits required to represent number of colors in picture Example: 16 color image, 100 pixels by 50 pixels 16 = 4 bits 4 bits x 100 x 50 = 20,000 bits

PIXELS
A Pixel is a picture element A single point in a graphic image A graphic display is divided into thousands or millions of pixels arranged in rows and columns The pixels are so close together, they appear connected The number of bits used to represent each pixel determines how many colours or shades of grey can be represented For a B&W (black and white) monitor, each pixel is represented by 1 bit With 8 bits per pixel, a monitor can display 256 shades or grey or 256 colours (28 = 256)

DISPLAY SIZE
Usually specified in inches and measured diagonally

Value cited is the diagonal dimension of the raster -- the viewable area of the display
E.g., a 15 monitor: (viewable image size, v.i.s. = ?? 13.6? )

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DISPLAY SIZE
Main measurements are: Width and height Total area
The diagonal, usually measured in inches. The diagonal measurement of a display as the actual viewable area is also dependent on the aspect ratio of the display. For a display device of the same area, the diagonal achieves a larger value in a widescreen than compared to a more square screen. There is a risk of manufacturers making displays wider than what is actually most convenient in order to make the diagonal achieve a larger value.
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LCD SCREEN SIZES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_size
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DISPLAY RESOLUTION
Resolution is the number of pixels on a screen display Usually cited as n by m n is the number of pixels across the screen m is the number of pixels down the screen

Typical resolutions range from

640 by 480 (low end), to 1,600 by 1,200 (high end)

VIDEO RAM REQUIREMENTS

Total number of pixels is n m Examples 640 480 = 307,200 pixels 1,600 1,200 = 1,920,000 pixels Video RAM required equals total number of pixels times the number of bits/pixel Examples 640 480 8 = 2,457,600 bits = 307,200 bytes = 300 Kbytes

1,600 1,200 24 = 46,080,000 bits = 5,760,000 bytes = 5,625 Kbytes = 5.49 Mbytes

VIDEO RAM (KB) PER IMAGE

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ASPECT RATIO
Aspect ratio is the ratio of the width to height of a display screen 4:3 on most PCs 16:9 on high definition displays For a 640 by 480 display, the aspect ratio is 640:480, or 4:3 Related terms Landscape The width is greater than the height Portrait The height is greater than the width
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DOT PITCH
Dot pitch is a measure of the diagonal distance between phosphor dots (pixels) on a display screen
One of the principal characteristics that determines the quality of a display

The lower the number, the crisper the image

Cited in mm (millimeters) Typical values range from 0.15 mm to 0.30 mm

Note
Dot pitch, as specified, is the capability of the display

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DOT PITCH IMAGE: EXAMPLE

Q: What is the dot pitch of an image displayed on a 15 monitor with a resolution of 640 by 480? A: Dot pitch = 15 / 800 inches
= 0.01875 inches = 0.01875 / 0.039 mm = 0.481 mm Notes:
1. 2. Z = (6402 + 4802)1/2 = 800 1 mm = 0.039 inch Z 640
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480

DOT PITCH ILLUSTRATED

Pixel 0.481 mm

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DOT PITCH IMAGE TABLE

Display Size Resolution 640 x 480 800 x 600 1024 x 768 1152 x 1024 14 0.45 0.36 0.28 0.23 0.25 15 0.48 0.38 17 0.54 0.44 0.34 0.28 0.38 0.32 19 0.61 0.54 0.42 0.35 21

1280 x 1024
1600 x 1200

0.22

0.23
0.19 0.22

0.30
0.24

0.33
0.27

Note: Dot pitch figures in mm (millimeters)

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DOT PITCH IMAGE TABLE

Display Size Resolution 640 x 480 800 x 600 1024 x 768 1152 x 1024 14 0.45 0.36 0.28 0.23 15 0.48 0.38 0.30 0.25 17 0.54 0.44 0.34 0.28 19 0.61 0.49 0.38 0.32 21 0.67 0.54 0.42 0.35

1280 x 1024
1600 x 1200

0.22
0.18

0.23
0.19

0.27
0.22

0.30
0.24

0.33
0.27

Note: Dot pitch figures in mm (millimeters)

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COLOUR AND DISPLAYS

Pixel colour is determined by intensity of 3 colours Red Green Blue or RGB
4 bits per colour 16 x 16 x 16 = 4096 colours 24 bit color (True Colour) 16.7 million colours Video memory requirements are significant.

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COLOUR DISPLAYS
CRT displays Each pixel is composed of three superimposed dots: red, green, and blue RGB display The three dots are created by three separate beams Ideally, the three dots should converge at the same point, however, in practice there is a small amount of convergence error, and this makes the pixels appear fuzzy LCDs Colour is created by filtering/blocking different frequencies of light

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