By: Taufiq RN

Sometime called Biochemical thermodynamic:

The study of the energy changes accompanying biochemical reaction Essentially Isothermic Use chemical energy to power living process

Biological system:

How an animal obtain energy from its food. It is a basic to the understand of normal nutrition and metabolism

Starvation occur when availability of energy are depleted Marasmus is a certain form of malnutrition associated with energy imbalance Obesity, caused by excess storage of surplus energy

Thyroid hormones control the rate o0f energy release (metabolic rate)

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

The total energy of a system, including its surroundings, remains constants

Within the total system, energy is neither lost or gained during any change However energy maybe transferred from one part to another

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

The total entropy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously

Entropy: is the extent of disorder or randomness of the system and becomes maximum as equilibrium is approached

Coupling
D

Heat

Chemical Energy

B C

~E

Metabolism: interconversion of chemical compounds in the body, the molecules take their individual pathway, their relationship, and the mechanisms that regulate the flow of metabolites through the pathways.

Catabolic pathway P

Food Molecule

Digestion

Simple molecule

absorption

Amphibolic pathway

Anabolic pathway

The three major categories of metabolic pathway

Normal metabolism include: Adaptation to period of starvation Exercise Pragnancy Lactation Abnormal metabolism may be resulted from: Nutritional deficiency Enzyme deficiency Abnormal secretion of hormones or the action of drug and toxins

Diet
Glycogen Glucose 3CO2 PPP

Glucose phosphate
Glycolysis

Triose Phosphates
Pyruvate Lactatase

Ribose Phosphate Acylglycerol (FAT)

RNA DNA

Protein

Acetyl Co. A

Krebs Cycle CO2

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Digestion and

Protein absorption

Lipid

Glucose

Amino acids

Fatty acid glycerol

Catabolism Acetyl Co A
Enzyme Vitamins mineral

Catabolism

2H
Krebs cycle

ATP

2CO2

Steroid Tracylglycerol
esterification Lipolysis

Fatty acids Cholesterol

Carbohydrate Amino acids

Acetyl Co.A

Cholesterogenesis Ketogenesis

Krebs Cycle

Ketone bodies

2CO2

Overview of Fatty acids Metabolism

Protein Diet
Tissue Protein Nonprotein Nitrogen derivatives

Amino acids TRAN SAM I NATI O N

Carbohydrate (glucose) Aminonitrogen in glutamate

Ketone bodies

Acetyl Co.A Krebs Cycle

NH3 Urea

2CO2 OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM