Introduction To Information and Computer Science

Introduction to Information and
Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture c
This material (Comp4_Unit6c) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health
and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number
IU24OC000015.
Databases and SQL
Learning Objectives
Define and describe the purpose of databases (Lecture a)
Define a relational database (Lecture a)
Describe data modeling and normalization (Lecture b)
Describe the structured query language (SQL) (Lecture c)
Define the basic data operations for relational databases and how to
implement them in SQL (Lecture c)
Design a simple relational database and create corresponding SQL
commands (Lecture c)
Examine the structure of a healthcare database component (Lecture
d)
2
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Databases and SQL
Lecture c
SQL
Used to manage and access database
information
ANSI, ISO and IEC standard
DBMS have custom extensions!
Extensive language
Well look at a few basic commands
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Example
Make a space for the tables by creating the
database
create database <name>
sql> create database contacts
To remove:
drop database <name>
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Create the Tables
create table <name> (<column information>);
Column information consists of column names
and data types
Tables also have extra information
To remove:
drop table <name>
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
SQL Basic Data Types
Data Type Description
integer or int Whole numbers
float Floating point number
date Date
time Time
char (length) Fixed number of characters
varchar (length) Variable number of characters
6.14 Table: SQL Basic Data Types (PD-US, 2011).
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Create Company Table
sql> create table company (id integer
auto_increment,
-> name varchar(50),
-> address varchar(50),
-> city varchar(50),
-> state char(2),
-> primary key(id));
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Create person table
sql> create table person(id integer
auto_increment,
-> first_name varchar(50),
-> last_name varchar(50),
-> company_id integer,
-> primary key(id),
-> foreign key(company_id)
references company(id));
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
View Tables
6.15 Figure: SQL command and output (PD-US, 2011).
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
View Table Columns
6.16 Figure: View table columns (PD-US, 2011).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Same Basic Operations
Add an entry
Retrieve an entry
Delete an entry
Modify an entry

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Add an Entry
Insert into <table> (columns) values (values);

First add company entries:
sql> insert into company (name, address, city, state)
-> values ('Community Hospital, Inc.', '1312 Main',
'Portland', 'OR');
sql> insert into company (name, address, city, state)
-> values ('Oakland Providers LLC', '14 12th St.',
'Oakland', 'CA');
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Add Persons
Now add people and their associated
companies:
sql> insert into person (first_name, last_name, company_id)
-> values ('Bill', 'Robeson', 1);
-> values ('Walter', 'Schmidt', 2);
-> values ('Mary', 'Stahl', 2);
-> values ('Albert', 'Brookings', 1);
-> values ('Catherine', 'David', 2);
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Retrieve an Entry
6.17 Figure: Retrieve an entry (PD-US).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Add Sorting
6.18 Figure: Add sorting (PD-US, 2011).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Add Selectivity
6.19 Figure: Add selectivity (PD-US, 2011).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Retrieve from Multiple Tables
6.20 Figure: Retrieve from multiple tables (PD-US, 2011).
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Create a Complex SQL Statement
6.21 Figure: Create a Complex SQL Statement (PD-US, 2011).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Delete an Entry
delete from <table> where <constraints>;

Remove Mary from contact list:
sql> delete from person where
first_name='Mary' and last_name='Stahl';
1 row affected
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Modify an Entry
update <table> set <column>=<data> where
<constraints>;

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
New Company Name
6.22 Figure: Modify company name (PD-US, 2011).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
New Company Name
6.23 Figure: New company name (PD-US, 2011).

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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Verify Again
6.24 Figure: Verify again (PD-US, 2011).
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Databases and SQL
Summary Lecture c
SQL is a language for creating, accessing and
updating databases
Create tables
Insert data
Update data
Retrieve (select) data
Delete data
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Databases and SQL
Lecture c
Databases and SQL
References Lecture c
References
Chen, P. P.-S. (1976). The Entity-Relationship Model - Toward a Unified View of Data. ACM Transactions on
Database Systems, 1(1).
International Organization for Standardization. (2008). Information technology -- Database languages -- SQL (No.
ISO/IEC 9075-(1-4,9-11,13,14)).
Kent, W. (1983). A simple guide to five normal forms in relational database theory. Communications of the ACM,
26(2).

Charts, Tables, Figures:
6.14 Table: SQL Basic Data Types (PD-US, 2011).
6.15 Figure: View tables (PD-US, 2011).
6.16 Figure: View table columns (PD-US, 2011).
6.17 Figure: Retrieve an entry (PD-US, 2011).
6.18 Figure: Add sorting (PD-US, 2011).
6.19 Figure: Add selectivity (PD-US, 2011).
6.20 Figure: Retrieve from multiple tables (PD-US, 2011).
6.21 Figure: Create a Complex SQL Statement (PD-US, 2011).
6.22 Figure: Modify company name (PD-US, 2011).
6.23 Figure: New company name (PD-US, 2011).
6.24 Figure: Verify again (PD-US, 2011).
25
Databases and SQL
Lecture c

Introduction To Information and Computer Science

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