Occupational Safety and Health Center 1

Occupational Safety and Health Center

CONSTRUCTION HEAVY
EQUIPMENT
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OBJECTIVES
This session is devoted to
educate those who work around
or operate heavy equipments,
since these machines possess
the capability to cause serous
injury or death
Know the control measures and
programs that should be in place
to prevent heavy equipment-
related accidents.

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CONCERNED PERSONNEL
Equipment Operator
Workers on foot
Spotters
Management people and
supervisors
Other construction site
personnel.
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WHAT ARE THESE
CONSTRUTION
HEAVY
EQUIPMENT?
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HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHAT DO
THEY DO?
Dump Truck Hauls materials and
debris away; delivers
sand or other
materials to a site.
Forklift Moves materials
around a site; unloads
trucks.
Grader Makes a roadbed
smooth by dragging a
blade over it.
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HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHAT DO
THEY DO?
Compactor or Roller Smoothes and
compacts the road
with a heavy roller.
Bulldozer Moves dirt, stones, or
other materials.

Concrete Mixer Mixes water, sand,
gravel, and cement to
make concrete.

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHAT DO
THEY DO?
Crane Lifts heavy things

Tower Crane Lifts beams, pipes,
batches of concrete or
other materials to high
places

Mobile Crane Crane that moves on
wheels

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHAT DO
THEY DO?
Excavator or Digger

Digs deep holes

Crawler Trucks

Prevent the machine
from sinking into the
ground

Front-end loader

Lifts and transport
heavy materials

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHAT DO
THEY DO?
Backhoe Loader

Uses a bucket on the
back for digging and
has a loader on front
for lifting

Cherry Picker

Lifts a worker in a
bucket

Outriggers or
Stabilizers

Keep equipment
stable so it does not
tip over

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CONCERN
Many types of mobile construction heavy equipment are
being used in a construction site doing a wide variety of
work. Most of these machines operate within close
proximity to persons on foot. With this, many people are
exposed to hazards associated with these equipments.
In short, you have a congested construction site with
personnel on foot, and mobile machines working in the
same area at the same time!
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CONSTRUCTION HEAVY
EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS
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TREE
EXCAVATOR
OPERATOR
(Victim # 1)
SPVR
(Victim # 2)
Fig 1: Excavator parked
by the operator 4 inches
from a tree.
Fig 2: While the operator was
exiting the cab, the excavator
turned towards the tree and
pinned and crushed the
operator against the tree.
Fig 3: The supervisor reached
into the cab and pushed control
to release the victim, the
excavator turned the other way
and also pinned the supervisor
against the tree.
A VERY SAD STORY
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ALL OF THESE
THINGS MAY
HAPPEN AT
YOUR SITE!
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PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE
FROM THE OPERATOR
PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR, HEAVY
EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING

NEED TO BE ON SITE ON REGULAR BASIS

Signal persons, spotters/flaggers
Grade checkers, dump persons
Equipment operators.
Laborers, steel workers and carpenters.
Foremen, supervisors, and other related contractor staff.
Surveyors, layout crews.
Any other crafts and/or trades working on the project, or passing
through the work areas.
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PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE
FROM THE OPERATOR
PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR, HEAVY
EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING

NEED TO BE ON SITE ON A PERIODIC BASIS
Delivery Trucks, Service Providers
Mechanics
Concrete Mixers
Garbage haulers
LGU/Labor Officials/Other people independently reviewing
compliance with Laws/Restrictions
Architects and Engineers, Inspectors, Clients Staff/Owners
Reps./Guests/VIPs
Engineering Service Providers: Concrete Testing, Compaction
Testing, Air Monitoring, etc
Other Utility Service Providers: Phone, Gas, Electric, Water,
Sewer, Cable, etc.
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PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE
FROM THE OPERATOR
PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR, HEAVY
EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING.

NO DIRECT NEED TO BE ON SITE

Pedestrians, spectators, on-lookers, and the Just Plain Curious!
Children (of all ages)
Job seekers
Joggers, bicycle riders
Scavengers, wood collectors, junk and scrap collectors
Thieves, burglars and law breakers
The media (depending on circumstances).
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HAZARDS PRESENT IN CONSTRUCTION
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Moving parts of the equipment
Uneven terrain
Energized electrical lines
Fall
Dust
Overloaded equipment
Noise
Vibration
Unsecured loads
Improvised attachments
Blind spot.
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BLIND SPOTS
Small heavy mobile equipment have small blind
spots and heavy mobile equipment have large
blind spots, both can cause serious injury or
death
The taller and wider the machine, the bigger the
blind spot area
Operators, spotters and workers on foot need to
be aware were the blind spots are.

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BLIND SPOTS DUMP TRUCK
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BLIND SPOTS - BULLDOZER
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BLIND SPOTS LIFTER
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BLIND SPOTS-GRADER
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BLIND SPOTS - BACKHOE
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BLIND SPOTS SKID STEER
LOADER
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BLIND SPOTS SCISSOR LIFT
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BLIND SPOTS-LOADER
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF
WORKERS ON FOOT

Wearing of high visibility vests or equivalent and
other appropriate PPEs.
Keep a safe distance from heavy equipments
Know the equipments blind spots. Never
assume that the equipment operator sees you
Never ride on the steps or drawbars of any
equipment.
Watch out for swinging parts.


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SPOTTER RESPONSIBILITIES

Wearing of high visibility vests or
equivalent and other appropriate PPEs.
Spotters should use clearly understood
hand signals or traffic control devices ,
(i.e. signs, etc.)
Spotters should know operator visibility
limitations, always remain visible to the
operator and be sure eye contact is
made before any signals are given.


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5 BASIC GUIDELINES ON
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION
When using heavy equipment, there are 5 basic
guidelines that the operators must always follow to
ensure safety:

1. Know how to properly operate the equipment you are using
2. Do not use heavy machinery when you are drowsy,
intoxicated, or taking prescription medication that may affect
your performance
3. Use only equipment that is appropriate for the work to be
done
4. Inspect your equipment to ensure that it is in good working
condition before beginning a job. In addition, ensure that
regular inspections and maintenance are conducted as
appropriate
5. Do not stress or overload your equipment.
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EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
Learn and follow Safe Work Practices!
Review manufacturers operating manual
Conduct pre-operational inspection of equipment.
Know how to operate and use safety features on
equipment properly
Allow NO ONE to ride outside the cab for any
reason!
Keep all lights, back-up alarm, seat belts, mirrors,
shields and safety guards in place and in good
condition.


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EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
Be aware of people on foot around you and other
machines operating in the area.
Know where your blind spots are and always
check the mirror on the blind side.
Avoid underground utilities and overhead power
lines.
Must understand signals and always obey the
spotter.
Stop! when signaled; when waived at violently; or
if you are in doubt




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EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
Maintain a safe operating speed.
Operate within the equipments rated capacity.
Report any abnormalities, defects and unsafe
condition. Take Machine Out of Service, if it is
unsafe to operate
Do Not Attempt Repairs or Maintenance that You
Do Not Understand
Never get on or off moving equipment. Park in a safe
place, apply parking brakes, turn off engine and
remove the key before dismounting.
Turn the engine off before refueling



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EQUIPMENT MOUNTING
AND DISMOUNTING
Park in an area that provides maximum
protection for operator and passengers and
which provides a solid landing during mounting
and dismounting.
When mounting or dismounting, use all steps
and all handholds provided.
Do not jump from equipment!
Use the three-point-contact method.


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KEY ELEMENTS IN HEAVY
EQUIPMENT SAFETY PROGRAM
Management Commitment
Employee Involvement
Pre-construction Work-Site Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Controls
Equipment Maintenance
Employee Awareness Training
Periodically Review Policies and Procedures
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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
Promote culture of Safety and Health
Provide fundamental site rules and training to all
persons at risk
Restrict entry onto site of non-essential
personnel. Establish controlled entry points to
site
Coordinate operations of various trades working
in the same areas
Efficient and effective procurement system.

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EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
Attend relevant trainings.
Employees must learn, follow, and obey safety
and other established rules
Discuss safety concerns and issues (e.g.
through Toolbox Safety Meetings or by reporting
to the supervisor or safety officer).
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PRE-CONSTRUCTION
WORK- SITE ANALYSIS
Identify potential known hazards (e.g. using JHA.)
Consider office, tool, laydown areas, storage areas
Whenever possible plan your site to allow for drive
through operations, to eliminate backing-up
Reduce the amount of foot traffic allowed on the
jobsite
Establish a traffic control system using traffic lights
or spotters.

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HAZARD PREVENTION AND
CONTROLS
Application of Engineering &
Administrative Controls and use of
PPEs.
Install perimeter fencing and enclosures
Install/post signs
Install temporary barricades around
hazards
Spotters (with appropriate PPE) provided
for in-the-blind, backing machines and/or
equipment
Choosing and using the appropriate type
of equipment.
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PROPER EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
Pre-operational inspection conducted by
operator.
Maintain equipment in safe and proper condition
Maintain safety features such as back-up alarm,
horn, lights, limit switches, overload protection
and mirrors intact and good condition
Cab glass or guard not cracked or broken
Clean machine windows and mirrors
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PROPER EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
Periodic preventive
maintenance as per
manufacturer
recommendation
Prompt repair of any
noted deficiencies
No modifications
Refresh labels, signs,
instructions, charts, etc.
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OPERATOR AUTHORIZATION
Operating a heavy
equipment is a great
responsibility. Operation is
reserved only for safe and
responsible operators
A policy and procedure on
authorization of heavy
equipment operators must
be in place. The operator
must be competent, trained
and in good health.

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D.O.13 ON HEAVY EQUIPMENT
Section 7.2
The General Constructor must provide for one
(1) Construction Safety and Health Officer for
every ten (10) units of heavy equipment
assigned to the project site, to oversee the
effective compliance with the Construction
Safety and Health Program at the construction
project site, in terms of heavy equipment
utilization and maintenance
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D.O.13 ON HEAVY EQUIPMENT
Section 10.1-a
All heavy equipment operators assigned at the
project site must be tested and certified in
accordance with a standard trade test
prescribed by TESDA in coordination with its
accredited organization/s
Section 10.2.4-a
Only duly certified operators shall be allowed to
operate their designated heavy equipment
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CONCLUSION
Heavy equipments are
powerful machines that
are vital in every
construction project.
However, more power
also means higher risks.
Both the operators and
men on foot are
responsible in ensuring
safety around these
heavy equipments.
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END