When a man has a vision, he cannot get the power from the vision until he has performed it on the Earth for the people to see. Black Elk, Oglala Sioux visionary, as told to John Niedhart. Image: A crankshaft from an automotive diesel engine. Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Shaft Assembly Figure 11.1 Shaft Assembly. (a) Shaft with two bearings at A and B and two gears with resulting forces P 1 and P 2 ; (b) free-body diagram of torque and forces resulting from assembly drawing; (c) moment diagram in x-z and x-y planes; (d) torque diagram. Text Reference: Figure 11.1, page 425 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Example 11.1 Figure 11.2 Illustration used in Example 11.1. (a) Chain drive assembly; (b) free- body diagram of forces; (c) bending moment diagram. Text Reference: Figure 11.2, page 427 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Example 11.2 Figure 11.3 Figures used in Example 11.2. (a) Assembly drawing; (b) free-body diagram. Text Reference: Figure 11.3, page 430 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Example 11.2 (cont.) Figure 11.3 Figures used in Example 11.2. (c) moment diagram in x-y plane; (d) moment diagram in x-z plane; (e) torque diagram. Text Reference: Figure 11.3, page 430 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Fluctuating Stresses on Shaft Figure 11.4 Fluctuating normal and shear stresses acting on shaft. (a) Stresses acting on rectangular element; (b) stresses acting on oblique plane at angle . Text Reference: Figure 11.4, page 432 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Soderberg Line for Shear Stress Figure 11.5 Soderberg line for shear stress. Text Reference: Figure 11.5, page 433 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Illustration of Eq. (11.29) Figure 11.6 Illustration of relationship given in Eq. (11.29). Text Reference: Figure 11.6, page 434 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Example 11.4 Figure 11.7 Section of shaft used in Example 11.4. Text Reference: Figure 11.7, page 438 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Single Spring-Mass System Figure 11.8 Text Reference: Figure 11.8, page 440 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Example 11.5 Figure 11.9 Simply supported shaft arrangement used in Example 11.5. Text Reference: Figure 11.9, page 443 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Flat Key Assembly Figure 11.10 Flat key assembly. (a) Cross- sectional view of assembly of shaft, hub, and key; (b) three-dimensional view of flat key. Text Reference: Figure 11.10, page 445 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Flywheel on Shaft Figure 11.11 Flywheel with driving (mean) torque T m and load torque T l . Text Reference: Figure 11.11, page 448 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Coefficient of Fluctuation Type of equipment C f Crushing machinery Electrical machinery Electrical machinery, direct driven Engines with belt transmission Flour milling machinery Gear wheel transmission Hammering machinery Machine tools Paper-making machinery Pumping machinery Shearing machinery Spinning machinery Textile machinery 0.200 0.003 0.002 0.030 0.020 0.020 0.200 0.030 0.025 0.030-0.050 0.030-0.050 0.010-0.020 0.025 Table 11.1 Coefficient of fluctuation for various types of equipment [Adapted from Kents Mechanical Engineers Handbook (1969).] Text Reference: Table 11.1, page 450 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Example 11.7 Figure 11.12 Load or output torque cariation for one cycle used in Example 11.7. Text Reference: Figure 11.12, page 451 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Materials for Flywheels Material Performance index, M f , kJ/kg Comment Ceramics 200-2000 (compression only) Brittle and weak in tension. Eliminate. Composites: CFRP a GFRP b 200-500 100-400 The best performance. A good choice Almost as good as CFRP and cheaper . Excellent choice. Beryllium 300 Good but expensive, difficult to work, and toxic. High strength steel High strength aluminum High strength magnesium alloys Titanium alloys 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 All about equal in performance. Steal and AL- alloys cheaper than Mg and Ti alloys. Lead alloys Cast Iron 3 8-10 High density makes these a good (and traditional) selection when performance is velocity limites, not strength limited. a Ceramic-fiber reinforced polymer b Graphite-fiber reinforced polymer Table 11.2 Materials for flywheels. [Adapted from Ashby (1992).] Text Reference: Table 11.2, page 455 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Punch Press Figure 11.13 Punch Press Text Reference: Figure 11.13, page 457 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Torque Requirements of Press Figure 11.14 Torque requirements of mechanical power press. (TDC=top dead center, BDC=bottom dead center.) Text Reference: Figure 11.14, page 457 Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill JENIS POROS POROS BEBAN : Beban Tetap dan Beban Berputar Jenis Pembebanan : lenturan dan geseran Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill POROS TRANSMISI Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Perhitungan Kekuatan poros : Perhitungan kekuatan terhadap lenturan Perhitungan kekuatan terhadap tekanan bidang antara tap dan bantalan Perhitungan kekuatan terhadap penyaluran panas
Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Perhitungan terhadap lenturan : Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill MOMEN INERTIA (I) dan MOMEN TAHANAN BENDING (Wb)
Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill MOMEN TAHANAN POLAR
Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, J acobson and Schmid 1998 McGraw-Hill