To Study Retail Ownership Type To Explore Influences in the Channel of Distribution II. Store-Based Retail Strategy Mix III. Service vs. Goods Retail Strategy Mix IV. Nonstore-Based Retail Strategy Mix and Nontraditional Retailing I. Ownership I. Ownership Independent Chain Franchise Lease Department Vertical Marketing System Consumer Cooperative Flexibility Investment Costs Down Specialists Strong Control Image Consistency Independence Entrepreneurial Drive
Lack of Power No Economies of Scale Labor Intensive Limited Access to Advertising Over-dependence on Owner Limited Resources for Long-run Planning Bargaining Power Cost Efficiencies Operating Efficiencies Technical Abilities Advertising Availability Defined Management Philosophies Time and Resources Spent on Long-run Planning Limited Flexibility Investments High Managerial Control Difficult Limited Independence for Personnel Product/Trademark Business Format Manufacturer-Retailer Service Sponsor-Retailer Wholesaler-Retailer Cooperative Voluntary Small Capital Investment Brand Awareness Operation Procedures and Management Skills Cooperative Marketing Exclusive Selling Rights Purchasing Costs Oversaturation Franchisor Overselling Contract Provisions Cancellation Clauses Short Duration Gross Sales Based Royalties National or Global Presence Ownership Qualifications Set Money Obtained on Delivery Stringent Rules for Franchisees Franchisee Work Incentive Royalties Continue
Damaged Reputation Loss of Customer Loyalty Intra-franchise Competition Reduced Resale Value Injured Profitability Franchisee Desire for Independence Fills Merchandise and Expertise Gaps Enlarged Market Reduces Store Costs Lessee Assumes Administration Rol Percent of Revenues Conflicts in Operating Procedures Damaged Image Customer Blame Well Know Store Reduced Costs Economies of Scale Inflexibility in Hours Product Line Restrictions Raised Rent Sales Expectations Not Met FOOD-ORIENTED RETAILERS
Convenience Store Conventional Supermarket Food-Based Superstore Combined Store Box (limited-line) Store Warehouse Store II. Store-Based Retail Strategy Mix GENERAL MERCHANDISE RETAILERS
Specialty Store Variety Store Traditional Department Store Full-Line Discount Store Off-Price Chain Factory Outlet Membership Club Flea Market II. Store-Based Retail Strategy Mix III. Service vs. Goods Retail Strategy Mix Rented Goods Owned Goods Nongoods Direct Marketing Direct Selling Vending Machine World Wide Web Other Emerging Retail Formats IV. Nonstore-Based Retail Strategy Mix and Nontraditional Retailing Manufacturer Independent Manufacturer Ownership Wholesaler Independent Wholesaler Ownership Retailer Independent Retailer Ownership Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailer Two Channel Members Own All Facilities and Perform All Functions Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailer All Production and Distribution Functions are Performed By One Channel Member Owned by Consumers Most Popular in Grocery Retailing Ways Retail Institutes Can Be Classified Retail Ownership Types and Characteristics of Each Exertion of Influence in the Channel of Distribution By Manufacturers By Wholesalers By Retailers Questions? Questions? Questions?