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Part - I - SLD, BB & Layout
Part - I - SLD, BB & Layout
1
Introduction
2
Concept of Power System
3
What is Sub Station
?
A SUBSTATION is a subsidiary station of an
electricity Generation, Transmission and
Distribution system where voltage is
transformed from high to low or vise versa
using transformers.
Electric power may flow
through several
substations between
generating plant and
consumer, and may be
changed in voltage in
Aseveral steps.
Step-up transformer increases the voltage
and proportionally decreases the current,
while a step-down transformer decreases the
voltage and proportionally increases the
current for domestic and commercial
distribution. 4
House
BUS BAR STRIPS 3-Φ & 1-Φ
Electrification
MCBs
DISTRIBUTION BOARD
5
TR. LINE TR. LINE General
(INCOMER /
OUTGOING)
(INCOME
R) Arrangement
LIGHTNING
ARRESTOR
CAP. VOLTAGE POWER
TRANSFORMER TRANSFOR
MER
WAVE
TRAP
SUB
CURRENT STATI
TRANSFORMER ON
EARTH
SWITCH
ISOLATOR POTENTIAL
TRANSFOR
MER
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
BUS
BAR ISOLATOR
6
Single Bus Bar
Scheme
SUB POWER LOAD
STATION STATION CENTRE
Faulty
BUS BAR
Faulty
7
Advantage & Disadvantage
SINGLE BUS BAR (UPTO 33kV SS)
Advantages
Lowest cost
Small land area required
Easily expandable
Simple in concept and operation
Disadvantages
Lowest reliability
Failure of a circuit breaker causes loss of the
feeder
Bus fault causes loss of the entire substation8
Improvement
Main Disadvantage ?
Loss of the entire Sub Station in case of Bus
fault.
Requirement ?
Avoid loss of entire bus i.e., entire Sub Station
in Bus fault.
How to Achieve ?
By Sectionalizing the Single Bus Bar.
Arrangement ?
Sectionalisation of Single Bus Bar
Arrangement.
9
Sectionalization of Single Bus Bar
Scheme
SUB POWER LOAD
STATION STATION CENTRE
Faulty
Faulty
SECTIONALIZING
CB 10
Advantage & Disadvantage
SECTIONALIZATION BUS BAR (33kV & 66kV SS)
Advantages
Flexible operation
Higher reliability than single bus scheme
Isolation of bus sections for maintenance
Loss of only part of the substation for a bus
fault
Disadvantages
Loss of circuit for breaker failure
A sectionalized bus arrangement has a higher
cost than a single bus scheme as additional
circuit breaker and isolators are required for
11
Improvement
Main Disadvantage ?
Circuit Breaker failures are more than Bus
fault. Thus, we loose important feeder in case
of Circuit Breaker outage.
Requirement ?
Avoid loss of important circuit in case of
Circuit Breaker outage.
How to Achieve ?
By by-passing the faulty circuit breaker.
Arrangement ?
Main and Transfer Bus Bar Arrangement.
12
Main and Transfer Bus Bar
Scheme
SUB POWER LOAD
STATION STATION CENTRE
TRANSFER
BUS
COUPLER
(TBC)
Faulty
MAIN BUS
I
Faulty
TRANSFER
BUS
13
Advantage & Disadvantage
MAIN & TRANSFER BUS BAR (132kV SS)
Advantages
Circuit breaker outage / maintenance does not
disrupt the service of feeder / circuit
Reasonable in cost
Fairly small land area
Easily expandable
Disadvantages
Bus Fault causes disruption of service of
entire sub station
An additional circuit breaker is required for
bus tie
14
Improvement
Main Disadvantage ?
Bus fault in a sub station having more nos. of
circuits causes greater interruption of power.
In Main and Transfer Bus Bar arrangement bus
fault results loss of entire sub station i.e., all
circuits.
Requirement ?
Avoid loss of too many circuits in case of bus
fault.
How to Achieve ?
By providing another Main Bus for connection
of circuits.
Arrangement ?
15
Double Main Bus Bus
Single Bar Scheme
Mode
SUB POWER LOAD
STATION STATION CENTRE
IO N
PT
RU BUS COUPLER
E R
INT
(BC)
Faulty
MAIN BUS
I
MAIN BUS II
Faulty 16
Advantage & Disadvantage
DOUBLE MAIN BUS BAR (220kV SS)
Advantages
Bus Bar outage / maintenance does not
disrupt the service of any feeder / circuit
Reasonable in cost
Fairly small land area
Easily expandable
Disadvantages
Circuit Breaker outage causes disruption of
service of that feeder
17
Main Disadvantage ? Improvement
Double Main Bus arrangement is an
alternative to Main & Transfer Bus scheme. In
both cases, the investment is same. The only
difference is that in Double Main Bus the
outage of Bus Bar and in Main & Transfer Bus
the outage of Breaker is prioritized.
Interruption of Power during Isolator
operation.
Requirement ?
Both Bus fault and Circuit Breaker outage are
to be taken care off.
How to Achieve ?
By using one of the Main Buses as “Main Cum
Transfer Bus”.
Arrangement ? 18
Main
Double
and Transfer
Main Cum Bus
Transfer
Scheme
Single Bus
Mode
Bar
Bus Scheme
SUB POWER LOAD Scheme
Mode
STATION STATION CENTRE
I ON
UPT
R
TER
IN
BUS I CUM
TRANSFER
Faulty
Faulty
BC
BUS II
19
Advantage & Disadvantage
DOUBLE MAIN CUM TRANSFER BUS BAR (220kV
SS)
Advantages
Bus Bar outage / maintenance does not
disrupt the service of any feeder / circuit
Circuit Breaker outage does not cause
disruption of service of that feeder
Reasonable in cost
Fairly small land area
Easily expandable
Disadvantages
Additional Isolator in each circuit increases
the cost
20
Improvement
Main Disadvantage ?
Double Main Cum Transfer Bus Bar
arrangement outage of Circuit Breaker and
Bus together causes loss of faulty Circuit
Breaker feeder.
Interruption of Power during Isolator
Operation.
Requirement ?
Avoid loss of feeder in case of simultaneous
outage of Circuit Breaker and a Main Bus.
How to Achieve ?
By providing separate transfer Bus along with
Double Main Buses.
Arrangement ?
Double Main and Transfer Bus Bar
21
Double Main
Main and and Transfer
Transfer
SingleSchemeBus Bar
Bus Scheme
Mode
Scheme
Mode
SUB POWER LOAD BC
STATION STATION CENTRE
INTERRUPTION
BUS
I
BUS
II
Faulty
Faulty TBC
22
TRANSFER
Advantage & Disadvantage
DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS BAR (220kV
SS)
Advantages
Bus Bar outage / maintenance does not
disrupt the service of any feeder / circuit
Circuit Breaker outage does not cause
disruption of service of that feeder
Maintenance of Bus and CB does not interrupt
supply
Disadvantages
Additional Isolator and Circuit Breaker
required for transfer Bus tie.
23
Improvement
Main Disadvantage ?
Interruption of Power during Isolator
operation.
Interruption of Power is likely to cause major
disturbance if the feeders are important and
heavily loaded.
Requirement ?
Avoid interruption of important and heavily
loaded feeders during bus fault or outage of
Circuit Breaker.
How to Achieve ?
By connection of circuits for double feed
through Circuit Breakers and avoid Isolator
switching.
24
One and a Half Breaker Bus Bar
POWER
Scheme
BUS I STATION BUS II
Faulty SUB
STATION
LOAD
CENTRE
Faulty 28
Advantage & Disadvantage
DOUBLE BREAKER BUS BAR (Mega Generating
Units)
Advantages
Flexible operation
Very high reliability
Isolation of either main bus for maintenance
without disrupting service
Isolation of any circuit breaker for
maintenance without disrupting service
Double feed to each circuit
No interruption of service to any circuits from
bus fault
Loss of only one circuit for breaker failure
All switching with circuit breakers
Disadvantages
This configuration carries a high cost
Two circuit breakers are required for each 29
PHOTOGRAPHS
30
Photographs
BUS
BAR
31
Photographs
32
Photographs
CURRENT POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER
33
Photographs
CAPACITOR
LIGHTNING VOLTAGE
ARRESTER TRANSFORMER
34
Photographs
WAVE TRANSMISSION
TRAP LINE
35
Photographs
TRANSFORM
ER 36
Photographs
REACTOR
37
Photographs
SUB STATION
38
LAYOUT & SECTION
39
A
DRAWING
B
– EXAMPLE :
1
CL-LA CL-TFR.
CL-CVT
CL-WT CL-LA
CL-CT
E
CL-ISO O UT L IN
LAY WING G
E
L AM
DR
A SIN IAGR
D
CL-CB
CL-ISO
A B 40
SLIDE : 1
DRAWING – EXAMPLE :
1
Earth Wire
Gantry
41
SLIDE : 2
DRAWING – EXAMPLE :
1
Transfor LA CT IS CB IS Ground
mer O O Level
SECTION - BB
42
SLIDE : 3
A B
DRAWING – EXAMPLE :
CL-LA CL-
CL-CVT
2
TFR.
C L- CL-LA
WT
CL-CT
CL-ISO
E
O UT L IN
CL-CB LAY WING G
E
L AM
DR
A SIN IAGR
D
CL-ISO
CL-ISO
43
A SLIDE : 1
DRAWING – EXAMPLE :
Earth 2
Wire
Gantry
44
SLIDE : 2
DRAWING – EXAMPLE :
Earth Wire 2
Gantry
45
SLIDE : 3
46
QUESTION