Dr. Nicolas T.

Capulong
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
I. Definition of Terms
A. DEVICE is a little method, it is teaching aid or a
toll facilitate instruction. Example: Pictures, Flash
cards. Etc. (Lardizabal)
B. METHODS the teachers procedure; an approach to
instruction that has been systematically described and
that can be applicable to a number of subject areas &
teachers. (Webster Dictionary)
C. TECHNIQUE refers to the art or skill of
performance. (Lardizabal)
D. STRATEGIES a planned means to achieve change;
way of giving access. (Dictionary of Education)
II. Methodology
A. Importance
A key to success in teaching
It guides learning

B. Methods of Teaching & Methods of Learning
Teaching and Learning are just two sides of the
same coin
Methods facilitate learning; there are different ways
of learning, hence, there should be different
methods of teaching.
Methods bridge the gap between the child and
subject matter.
C. Factors that Determine Methods
1. The educational objective and the aim of the
lesson.
2. Nature of the subject matter or the lesson
3. The nature of the learners
4. School equipment and facilities
5. The teacher
D. Characteristics of a Good Methods
There is no single best method
1. It makes use of the principles of learning and permits
the operation of these principles.
2. It utilizes the principles of learning of doing.
3. It provides for individual differences.
4. It stimulates thinking and reasoning.
5. It provides for growth and development.
III. Types of Lessons
A. Development Lesson
Is one is which something new is presented or developed.
B. Review Lesson
It aims to renew study of the same subject matter or to recall what
has been taken up in the past and view this again from a different
perspective or point of view.
C. Drill Lesson
It is for automatization of certain facts, habits, or skills.
It aims to fix associations for permanency or to perfect a skill; for
mastery.
D. Application Lesson
It gives the child a chance to express or supply what he has learned.
E. Supervised Study
It aims to teach children how to study a given subject in the use and
mastery of the best techniques of efficient study.
F. Appreciation Lesson
It is designed to lead the class to understand and enjoy something.
IV. Time Tested Methods
A. Inductive Method
A discovering method
Steps
Preparation
Presentation
Comparison and abstraction
Generalization
Application
B. Deductive Method
From a generalization to specifics
Steps
Statement of the problem
Generalization
Inference
verification
C. Type Study Method
An inductive procedure that examines one case only.
Steps
Selection of the topic
Appreciation and motivation
Statement of typical case/model
Study of details
Comparison of details with the model
Generalization
D. The Problem Method
It is the purposeful activity that will remove a difficulty or
perplexity through a process of reasoning.
Steps
Recognition and statements of the problem
Statement of hypothesis
Critical evaluation of suggested solution
Verification of accepted solution
E. Project Method
It is a significant, practical unit of activity of a problematic
nature planned and carried to completion by the student in a
natural manner and involving the use of physical materials to
complete the unit of experience.
Steps
Purposing
Planning
Exercising
Evaluating
F. Laboratory
A teaching procedure dealing with firsthand experiences
regarding materials or facts obtained from investigating or
experimentation.
Steps
Introductory step
Work period
Culminating activities
G. Demonstration or Showing Method
A teacher does the experiment before the class
Steps (same as laboratory)
H. Morrizon Technique
Often uses in the teaching of geography, history, government,
economics
Steps
Explanation
Presentation
Assimilation
Organization
Recitation
I. Lecture Method
It is more of exposition
Steps
Preparation
Presentation
Comparison
Generalization
application
J. Discussion Procedure
Panel forum
Symposium
Debate
Round tables conference
K. Special Techniques
Role playing
Steps
Identify the problems
Establish the situation in which the action is to occur
Establishing roles and participants
Presenting the act
Playing the situation
Analyzing and evaluating the presentation
CASE STUDY
Presents specific situations on problems to
stimulate discussion.
BUZZ SESSION
It involves group opinion, evaluation,
planning or interaction.
WORKSHOP
It involves the use of the group process in
activating
SEMINAR
Is held for the purpose of solving or
attempting to solve a problem.
V. Improved Instructional
Practices
Integrative
Discovery
Process
Mastery learning
Team teaching