Development of Spatial Statistical Model

FR.
CONCEICAO RODRIGUES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL
STATISTICAL MODEL
Project Members :
Ashish Anant Nadkar 5017
Vivek Vilas Patil 5021
Rishabh Shrenik Jain 4999
Vikash Suresh Joshi 5001
Under Guidance of :
Internal Guide : Mrs. Dipali Sadavarti
External Guide : Mr. Deepak Choksi (Bhugol GIS Pvt. Ltd.)
INTRODUCTION
• A simple geostatistical application which uses
following core concepts
• GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

• Geostatistical Interpolation techniques
2
Bhugol GIS Pvt. Ltd. SINE IIT Bombay
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• To convert the discrete spatial data samples to

continuous spatial data
• To estimate missing spatial data samples using
the available samples in the proximity
3
HANDLING GIS DATA
• Vector Based GIS
o Basic units of spatial information are points, lines (arcs) and
polygons
o Features are defined by boundaries
• Raster Based GIS

o Spatial data expressed as matrix of cells or pixels
o Each cell refers to smallest unit of info in raster map
4
HANDLING GIS DATA Contd …
Vector Representation
5
Exhaustive representation
Run-length encoding
6
Advantages/Disadvantages of raster and vector data models
7
HANDLING GIS DATA
8
HANDLING GIS DATA
• Some of the standard Raster Data formats used by well established
GIS software solutions are :
• GeoTiff
• GRAM GIS
• RAW data
• JPEG
• BMP
• NRSA IRS CD-Format, etc
• The above formats can be imported to GRAM++ RAS format by
the existing GRAM++ software
• This GRAM++ RAS format will be then processed by our module
9
GEOSTATISTICS
• Geostatistics is a collection of numeric

techniques
• It is statistics applied to geology
• Geostatistics is concerned with spatial data
10
APPLICATION
• Meteorological Department – calculation of
average rainfall, humidity, temperature
• Mining Industry – estimating availability of
mines of coal, copper, etc.
• Availability of other natural resources and
checking the soil contamination etc.
11
GEOSTATISTICAL INTERPOLATION
• Interpolation is a method that estimates the
values at locations.
• It is a specific case of curve fitting.
• Various interpolation techniques:
o IDW
o Spline method
o Kriging
12
GEOSTATISTICAL INTERPOLATION
s1
s5
s2 s2
s0
s3
s4
13
KRIGING
• Group of geostatistical techniques to interpolate

the random variable
• Named in honor of D.G.Krig
• It assumes spatial variation of an attribute is
neither totally random nor deterministic
• BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator)
14
KRIGING
2
1
6 W1
3
Known samples
Unknown samples
15
SEMIVARIOGRAM
16
KRIGING
• Types
• Ordinary Kriging
• Simple Kriging
• Universal Kriging
17
SIMPLE KRIGING
• Uses average of entire data set

• Assumes mean to be constant
18
SIMPLE KRIGING
19
SIMPLE KRIGING
20
ORDINARY KRIGING
• Focuses on spatially related components

• Assumes absence of drift
• Uses LOCAL average
21
UNIVERSAL KRIGING
• Assumes spatial variation in z values has a drift

• Incorporates a trend (trend surface) in Kriging
process
22
CO-KRIGING
• Extension of Kriging
• Required for estimating one variable from two
variables
• Generally used when sampling of primary
variables is difficult or expensive
• The two co-variables must have a strong
relationship
23
CO-KRIGING
Plutonium Carbon Regression
< Original map
Co-Kriged map >
24
UML DIAGRAMS
Usecase Diagram :
25
UML DIAGRAMS
Object Diagram :
26
UML DIAGRAMS
Activity Diagrams :
27
UML DIAGRAMS
Sequence Diagram :
28
PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
• SOFTWARE
• VC++ 6.0
• OpenGL 3.1
• HARDWARE
• Windows OS(XP or Vista)
• Min 40MB free hard disk space & 64MB RAM
29
INTERFACE
• VC++
• The GUI will be developed using VC++ programming
& MFC
• The software used for the purpose will be Microsoft
Visual C++ 6.0 Enterprise Edition
30
INTERFACE
• Open GL (Graphics Library)
• Application Programming Interface (API)
• Cross language & Cross Platform
• Useful for producing 2D and 3D computer
graphics
• Consists of more than 300 function calls for
producing complex 3D scenes
• Widely used in CAD, Flight simulators and Video
Games etc.
31
GRAM++ & SCOPE
• Gram++ is a software package developed at Bhugol GIS,
IIT Bombay
• It consists of different modules for different purposes
• Development of Software using VC++ programming

language
• Spatial Statistical model as an add-on functionality to
Gram++ GIS raster module terrain
32
REFERENCES
• Geostatistics for Engineers and Earth Scientists, R.A.
Olea, Kluwer Publication
• ESRI website
• Gamma design software
• Wikipedia
• Some self learning tools available over internet
33
DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL STATISTICAL MODEL
THANK YOU.
34

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FR.

CONCEICAO RODRIGUES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

• To convert the discrete spatial data samples to

• Raster Based GIS

Advantages/Disadvantages of raster and vector data models

• Geostatistics is a collection of numeric

• Group of geostatistical techniques to interpolate

• Uses average of entire data set

• Focuses on spatially related components

• Assumes spatial variation in z values has a drift

Plutonium Carbon Regression

< Original map

Co-Kriged map >

• Development of Software using VC++ programming

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