Body Area Network Antenna

(BAN)
Chok Ying Ying KET 110006
Fam Jiang Min KET 110007
Lera De Elfira Simon KET 110013
Quek Keng Hee KET 110036

What is BAN?
Wireless body area network (WBAN) or body sensor network (BSN)
Is a wireless network of wearable computing devices
Formally defined by IEEE 802.15 as, a communication standard
optimized for low power devices and operation on, in or around
human body (but not limited to humans) to serve a variety of
applications including medical, consumer electronics / personal
entertainment and other.
A typical body area network kit will consist of sensors, a processor,
a transceiver and a battery.
BAN have grown as a refinement of body sensor network (BSN).
BSN devices
< 0.01 200 m
Human body itself can become channel for short range communication,
thus removing the need for a traditional antenna
The power consumption of BSN devices shrinks to 0.1 - 1.0 mW
In this low power, the human body is capable to produce excess energy
that the devices could scavenge the required energy directly from the
hosts body, thus removing the use of traditional power source, such as
battery.
BSN
managed body sensor networks (MBSN)
analyzed by the third party based on the data collected

autonomous body sensor networks (ABSN)
attach actuators to the sensors to allow the BSN to effect change on the users body


Literature Review
Review of Body Area Network Technology & Wireless Medical
Monitoring by Javed Ahmad and Fareeha Zafar
Wireless body area network is to remove all wire connecting the sensors on
patient body and create wireless network between the sensors.
Measure blood pressure, oxygen saturation, sugar level and so on.
Medical sensors, patient identifier and setup pen.

UWB Antennas in Body Area Networks by Hassan Ghannuom,
Christophe Roblin, and Serge Bories
Support short-range communication scenarios
Low power consumption
High data rate

Medical Application of Ultra Wideband by Jianli Pan
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowed the commercial usage of
bandwidth
3.1GHz to 10.6GHz
UWB generated in a very short time period (sub-nano second)
Possible to get Gbps speed by using 10GHz spectrum
UWB has high gain which make it able to penetrate the wall
Low electromagnetic radiation
UWB Antenna for Wireless Body Area Network by Kamya
Yekeh Yazdandoost and Ryuji Kohno
The design must consider of human body
Different thickness of tissue layer
Relative permitivity
Else cause pattern fragmentation, power absorption, and
frequency shift

Methodology
Architecture of WBAN
Sensors
Connected to a patient
Has knowledge about sensor configuration
Setup Pen
A button to activate sending the coded IR signal
Medical Monitor
Same communication interface
Act as gateway between wireless sensor network and central surveillance system
Application
(A) Smart Vest: Wearable multi-parameter remote physiological monitoring
system
- Smart vest is specially designed for certain professions such as soldiers, fire
fighters, law enforcement personnel, miners, deep-sea divers and astronauts.
- Monitor the health status and geo-location of the personnel to ensure the safety
and effective completion of the assigned job.
- It consists of shirt with embedded sensors which is the Smart Vest, a data
acquisition and processing hardware with embedded software, wireless transmission
and a remote monitoring station to study the wearer's health.

- The Smart Vest system consists of sensors which are integrated for sensing the
physiological data, wearable data acquisition and processing hardware (where the
processed data are transmitted wireless) and a remote monitoring station (where
the data are received, analyzed and displayed).
- The sensors are connected by wires, which are woven or stitched into the fabric.
The sensors are placed at specific body locations and integrated into the vest so
that it has good contact with the skin surface.
- Characteristics:
- The resistance of the wires = 0.3 /m
- Thickness of wire = 0.19 mm,
- Tensile strength = 30 N/mm2
- Temperature that can withstand = 65 to +150 C
(B) Intensive Care Unit Monitoring using UWB (Ultra Wideband)
-for remote monitoring and measuring the patients' motion in short distance.
-When the patient moves, the reflected signals will fluctuate. The fluctuation of
signals denoting the movement of objects is transferred to the control center of the
surveillant. The information could be fed back instantaneously to the doctors or
nurses.
-The application used to monitor the patients whether moving in the un-allowed
time. UWB radar could measure the speed and position of the patient in the room.

(C) Body Area Network (BAN) gateway to Android mobile phones for
mobile health applications
- This is based on a Secure Digital Input Output (SDIO) interface, which allows for
long-term monitoring
- This mobile health monitoring system uses the Human++ BAN sensor nodes to
retrieve bio-signals from the body and an Android mobile phone to collect, store,
process, and send the data.
- Allows the user to visualize and send a daily summary of the heart activity,
reporting the minimum, maximum and average heart rate.

(D) BAN Implantation (In future)
- In the near future, people affected by health issues such as Alzheimer, diabetes,
hearing loss, heart failure or even missing limbs could all have a smart, efficient,
in-body or on-body device that makes their daily life easier.
- The development of tiny and ultra-low-power wireless communications is key.
- However, only limited autonomy and wireless connectivity can be achieved using
today's wireless solutions because of their size and power consumption.

Analysis and Review
Low emission power is the principle requirement on BAN as it is mainly carried by
person.
It also means that interference level of BAN will be in a reasonable low level so
that it is tolerable by other wireless systems.
Other requirements on BAN
low power consumption, high security, reliability, etc

Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4)
a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard
Zigbee can operate at three different frequency bands of 2.4 GHz
(worldwide), 800 MHz band (regional), and 900 MHz band (regional).
When operating at 2.4 GHz band, it achieves a maximum data rate of 250
kbps.
The drawback of IEEE 802.15.4 is also the limited data rate.
Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1)
also operates at 2.4 GHz band and can provide data rates of more than 1
Mbps.
One disadvantage of Bluetooth is that it has higher emission power and
power consumption.
Low rate UWB (IEEE 802.15.4a)
It has the smallest emission power density and power consumption
The UWB band operates between 3.1 10.6 GHz.
The nominal data rate of it is 850 kbps, which can be increased to as high as
26 Mbps in option.
A drawback of UWB band is that the transmission loss is so significant by
human body that it is difficult to be used for implantable BAN.






A comparison of normalized energy consumption is shown
From the mJ/Mb unit point of view, UWB has better efficiency in
energy consumption and it is a better solution to use for high data
rate implementation.

Conclusion
Very useful technology in supporting medical and healthcare services
Divided into wearable BAN and implant BAN
Potential to provide a better and less expensive alternative for
rehabilitation healthcare
Provide benefit to patients and society through continuous
monitoring
Number of challenging issues should be resolved
system design, configuration and customization, standardization, further
utilization of common off-the-shelf components, security and privacy, and
social issues
Question?
Thank you !