10 WCDMA Power Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com

HUAWEI Confidential
Internal Only
WCDMA Power Control
HUAWEI Confidential

Page 2
Chapter 1 Overview of Power Control
Chapter 2 Introduction to Power Control
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Page 3
Relation between Tx Power and Rx Power after
introduction of Power Control
Rx power
Tx power
Fading channel
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Page 4
Purposes of Power Control
Solve the near-far effect
Ensure the uplink/downlink quality by adjusting the transmit power
Overcoming slow fading and fast fading
Decrease interference, and improve system quality and capacity
In short, the purpose of power control in the CDMA system is ensuring
users communication quality with minimum transmit power
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Page 5
Power Control Classification
Open loop power control
Uplink open loop power control (reverse)
Downlink open loop power control (forward)
Closed loop power control
Uplink inner-loop power control
Downlink inner-loop power control
Uplink outer-loop power control
Downlink outer-loop power control
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Page 6
Chapter 1 Overview of Power Control
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Page 7
2.1 Open Loop Power Control
2.2 Inner-Loop Power Control
2.3 Outer-Loop Power Control
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Page 8
Principles of Open Loop Power Control
Principle
Assume that path loss for Uplink and Downlink between the transmitter and
the receiver are the same, and the UE or RNC determines the transmit power
according to the received power.
Basic functions
Overcome fading and path loss
Disadvantage
Asymmetry between power of the uplink signal and downlink signal is not
considered, so power control is not very accurate.
Applications scenarios
Uplink: applied on PRACH and DPCCH
Downlink: applied on DPCCH
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Page 9
Open Loop Power Control on PRACH
RACH
BCH: CPICH power
UL interference level
The UE measures received power
of the CPICH and calculates initial
uplink transmit power
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Page 10
Principle of Open Loop Power Control
Principles of setting initial transmit power (e.g. Uplink)
EcIo X ce Interf eren RSCP CPICH Pow CPICH Pow X
PL PL Suppose
ce Interf eren PL Pow X EcIo X
PL Pow CPICH RSCP CPICH
UL
UL DL
UL UL
DL
_ _ _ _
) 3 ......( .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... :
) 2 .( .......... .......... _ _
) 1 ........( .......... .......... _ _
+ + =
=
=
=
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Page 11

I : Tx_power = Preamble_Initial_Power
II : Tx_power = I + PowerRampStep
III : Tx_power = II + PowerRampStep
IV : Tx_power = III + PowerOffsetPpm
PRACH

HUAWEI Confidential

Page 12
Preamble_Initial_Power = PCPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL interference +
Constant Value
Notes: UE can get the PCPICH DL TX power, UL interference, and the constant value from the
system information.
CPICH_RSCP is measured by UE itself.
Normally in the initial stages of network lifecycle, coverage is limited, constant value
could be set greater (-16 dB or -15dB) so the preamble message can be received easier
by UTRAN. The power ramp step could also be set greater. (Currently we take the
default setting)
Method for setting the first preamble transmit power on PRACH
Default parameters setting:
Constant Value: -20dB PowerRampStep: 2dB
PreambleRetransMax: 20 PowerOffsetPpm: -3 / -2
Mmax: 8
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Page 13
Open Loop Power Control in the Uplink DPCCH
DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP
Notes:
CPICH_RSCP is measured by UE.
DPCCH_Power_offset is DPCCH initial transmission power offset, which is
configured by RNC and delivered to UE in RRC Connection Setup. It is
calculated by the following formula:
DPCCH_Power_offset = Primary CPICH DL TX power + UL
interference +Default Constant Value
Method for setting initial power of the uplink DPCCH
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Page 14
Open Loop Power Control in the Downlink DPCCH
Method for setting downlink DPCCH initial power
P=(Ec/Io)
Req
- CPICH_Ec/Io + PCPICH
Notes:
(Ec/Io)
Req
: the Ec/Io required to ensure the UE can receive this dedicated channel
CPICH_Ec/Io: PCPICH Ec/Io measured by UE, and It is reported to the UTRAN on RACH.
PCPICH: the PCPICH transmit power.
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Page 15
Open Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control
Outer Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control in
Compressed Mode
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Page 16
Closed Loop Power Control
Inner loop power control and outer loop power control together
are called closed loop power control.
Inner loop power control
Measure SIR
Power control bits
SIR target
Outer loop power control
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Page 17
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
NodeB UE
Send TPC bits
Measure SIRs of the received signals
and compare them
Inner loop
Set SIRtar
1500Hz
Purpose of inner loop power control:
Make the measured SIR converge to
the given SIRtar as soon as possible.
Each UE has a
control loop.
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Page 18
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
NodeB
Set SIRtar
Send the TPC command
Measure SIRs and compare them.
Inner loop
1500Hz
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Page 19
Open Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control in
Compressed Mode
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Page 20
Phenomenon
With the same SIR target, the BLER statistic results of the service in different
environments are different.
Reason
The QoS which the UTRAN provides to NAS is BLER, not SIR.
Purpose of outer loop
Provide link quality that meets a certain BLER target for the NAS.
Basic principle
If the measured BLER/BER is lower than the BLER/BER target, reduce
the SIRtar of the inner loop.
If the measured BLER/BER is higher than the BLER/BER target, increase
the SIRtar of the inner loop.
HUAWEI Confidential

Page 21
Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
NodeB UE
Sent TPC
SIR measurement
and comparing
Inner loop
SIR target setting
BLER measurement
Outer loop
RNC
Comparing
BLER target setting
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Page 22
Downlink Outer Loop Power Control
NodeB
Set SIRtar
Send TPC
Measure SIRs and compare them.
Measure BLERs and compare them
Outer loop
Inner loop
Physical layer of the UE
Layer 3 of UE
Downlink outer loop and outer loop power control
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Page 23
Appendix: The common configurable table of
uplink power control parameters
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Page 24
uplink power control parameters
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Page 25
downlink power control parameters
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Page 26
Appendix: Applicability of Power Control for Each Channel
Physical
Channel
Open Loop
Close Inner
Loop
Closed Outer
Loop
No Power
Control
PRACH
DPCCH
DPDCH
CPICH
PCCPCH
SCCPCH
AICH
PICH
Thank you!
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential

Page 28
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control - Detail
NodeB side: The NodeB measures uplink DPCCH SIR in every time slot and then
compare it with the SIR target. If the measured SIR is larger than the SIR target, the
NodeB sends the TPC = 0; otherwise, the NodeB sends TPC = 1;
UE side: The UE processes the TPC command and computes TPC_cmd; There are
two modes of uplink power control:
PCA1, the UE processes the TPC command in every time slot and the step size tpc is 1
dB or 2 dB;
PCA2, the UE processes the TPC command in every five time slots and the step size tpc
is 1 dB;
Step size adjustment of power control in the DPCCH: dpcch = tpc *
TPC_cmd,TPC_cmd is the TPC.
command calculated with the previous formula. tpc is also related to it.
The proportion of power of the DPCCH and DPDCH is the square of c/d.(c/d is
configured by the higher layer)

Cd
Cc
d
c j
DPDCH
DPCCH
I
Q
I+jQ
Sdpch
S
HUAWEI Confidential

Page 29
Inner Power Control in the Uplink DPCCH - Detail
When the UE is not in soft handover, it receives a TPC command in
every time slot.
If TPC0, TPC_cmd=-1
If TPC1, TPC_cmd=1
When the UE is in soft handover (PCA1)
It combines the TPC commands of the same RLS. It performs
maximum-ratio combining for RLs of different cells and generates a
TPC, and then sends this TPC command to each cell. TPC commands
of all RLs in a RLS are the same.
TPC command processing algorithm1(PCA1)
HUAWEI Confidential

Page 30
When the UE is in soft handover (PCA1)
It combines TPC commands of different RLS. The combining rules
are as follows: (N: RLS Num)
TPC command processing algorithm1(PCA1)
=
=
=
< s
=
= . =
=
=
" 0 " , 0
" 1 " , 1
1 0 , 1
1 , 1
) W , W , (W g TPC_cmd
# ,
# ,
1
1
N 2 1
slo t est
slo t est
i
N
i
i
N
i
i
TPC
TPC
W
N
W
N
W
HUAWEI Confidential

Page 31
When the UE is not in soft handover (PCA2)
The UE performs power control in every five time slots. During the first four
time slots, power remains.
In the fifth time slot, the UE decides TPC_est of these five time slots with a
hard-decision algorithm:
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
=
otherwise
est TPC
est TPC
i
i
i
i
, 0
1 5 / _ , 1
0 5 / _ , 1

slot) h TPC_cmd(5t
5
1
5
1
TPC command processing algorithm 2(PCA2)
TPC_est TPC_cmd
0000 0 0000 -1
1111 1 0000 1
else 0000 0
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Page 32
When the UE is in soft handover (PCA2),
It combines TPC commands of the same RLS. It perform maximum-ratio combining
and generates the TPC command with a hard decision algorithm.
If all 5 hard decisions within a set are "1", TPC_tempi = 1.
If all 5 hard decisions within a set are "0", TPC_tempi = -1.
Otherwise, TPC_tempi = 0.
The UE combines TPC commands of different RLS according to the following rules:
TPC command processing algorithm 2(PCA2)
> |
.
|
\
|
< |
.
|
\
|
=
. =
=
=
otherwise
N temp TPC
N temp TPC
N
i
i
N
i
i
, 0
5 . 0 / _ , 1
5 . 0 / _ , 1
) TPC_temp , TPC_temp , (TPC_temp
slot) h TPC_cmd(5t
1
1
N 2 1

HUAWEI Confidential

Page 33
Difference in control rate
TPC command processing algorithm 1: the power control rate is 1500Hz;
TPC command processing algorithm 2: power control rate is 300Hz.
Application scenario
When the UE moves at a high speed (80km/h), fast fading cannot be traced in
fast inner loop power control (one time slot should be longer than the wavelength)
and minus gain occurs. In this situation, algorithm 2 is suggested. For example,
algorithm 2 is recommended for the cells covering a express way.
Comparison between two algorithms
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Page 34
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control - Detail
UE side: The UE compares the SIR of the pilot in the DPCCH (after
maximum-ratio combining during soft handover) with the SIR target and
generate the TPC command accordingly
If DPC-MODE=0, the UE sends a TPC command in every time slot.
If DPC-MODE=1, the UE sends a same TPC command in every three time slots.
Node B side: The Node B adjusts transmit power of the DPCCH and
DPDCH after receiving the TPC command. Step size is 0.5 dB, 1 dB, 1.5 dB,
or 2dB.
If DPC-MODE=0, the Node B adjusts the transmit power in every time slot.
If DPC-MODE=1, the Node B adjusts transmit power in every three time slots.
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Page 35
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control - Detail
Downlink transmit power
P(k) = P(k - 1) + PTPC(k) + Pbal(k)
Limited power increase is not supported (if the value of Limited power Raised Used is "Not
used")

Limited power increase is supported (if the value of Limited power Raised Used is "Used"
, 1
, 0
est
TPC
est
TPC TPC
P
TPC TPC
+A =
=

A =
i f
i f
and
and
1 _ _
0 1 _ _
0
est sum TPC
TPC est sum TPC
est
TPC TPC Power Raise Limit
P TPC Power Raise Limit
TPC TPC
+A = A + A <
= = A + A >
A =
I F
I F
I F
=
= A
1 k
Size _ Window _ Averaging _ Power _ DL k i
TPC sum
) i ( P

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