PRESENTATION

on Electrotehnics

Theme: Rectifiers



Contents:

1. Introduction (Basic Notions)

2. Rectifier Circuits (Classification)

3. Rectification Technologies (A
little bit of history..)

Introduction

1. What is a rectifier?
2. Where does it come from?
3. What are its uses in
everyday life?





1. A rectifier is an electrical device
that converts alternating current (AC), which
periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction.
The process is known as rectification.

2. Rectifier comes from power electronic
circuits classification. This circuits are grouped
according to the energy parameters on which
they work and by the way in which the
phenomenon of switching takes. Rectifier is
classified Depending on the electrical
parameters change:

1. Rectifiers 3. Inverters
2. Thyristors 4. Converters



Inverter Converter





Thyristor
3. A rectifier changes alternating current to
direct current. Direct current is necessary for
powering:

- Radios
- Televisions
- Computers
- Battery chargers
- Mobile Phone chargers
etc.
.. in fact, most of our household appliances.


Rectifier Circuits
1. Single-phase rectifiers

Half-wave rectification
Full-wave rectification

2. Three-phase rectifiers

Three-phase, half-wave circuit
Three-phase, full-wave circuit using center-tapped
transformer
Three-phase bridge rectifier
Twelve-pulse bridge

3. Voltage-multiplying rectifiers


1.1 Half-wave rectification





The no-load output DC voltage of an ideal half wave rectifier for
a sinusoidal input voltage is:




Where:
V
dc
, V
av
- the DC or average output voltage,
V
peak
, the peak value of the phase input voltages,
V
rms
, the root-mean-square value of output voltage.

With regard to the scheme analysis we can say the
following:

a) Scheme is very simple;
b) The transformer has very large dimensions
and weight;

Therefore, rectifier scheme discussed above is used
very rarely and only for limited powers.

1.2 Full-wave rectification

Graetz bridge rectifier: a full-wave rectifier
using 4 diodes:

Full-wave rectifier using a center tap transformer
and 2 diodes:
The average and root-mean-square no-load output
voltages of an ideal single-phase full-wave rectifier
are:
2.1 Half-Wave Circuit
3-phase
AC input,
half and
full-wave
rectified
DC
output
wavefor
ms:
2.2 Full-wave circuit using center-tapped
transformer
Three-phase half-wave rectifier
circuit using thyristors as the
switching elements, ignoring
supply inductance
[] with a center-tapped transformer
2.3 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
For a three-phase full-wave
diode rectifier, the ideal, no-
load average output voltage
is:
If thyristors are used in place
of diodes, the output voltage
is reduced by a factor cos():
Or, expressed in terms of the
line to line input voltage:
Where:
V
LLpeak
, the peak value of the line to line input voltages,
V
peak
, the peak value of the phase (line to neutral)
input voltages, , firing angle of the thyristor .

Three-phase Graetz bridge rectifier at alpha=0 without
overlap:

Three-phase Graetz bridge rectifier at alpha=0 with
overlap angle of 20

Three-phase controlled Graetz bridge rectifier at
alpha=20 with overlap angle of 20

Three-phase controlled Graetz bridge rectifier at
alpha=40 with overlap angle of 20
2.4 Twelve-pulse bridge
Twelve pulse bridge rectifier using thyristors as the
switching elements
3. Voltage-multiplying rectifiers
Switchable
full
bridge/volt
age doubler

Cockcroft Walton
Voltage
multiplier

Rectification Technologies
A vibrator battery charger from 1922. It produced 6A DC at
6V to charge automobile batteries:

A small motor-
generator set
HVDC in 1971: this
150 kVmercury-arc valve
converted
AChydropower voltage for
transmission to distant cities
fromManitoba
Hydro generators:

Tungar bulbs, 2
ampere (left) and 6
ampere
Vacuum tube diodes
Thank You for Attention!