H & P Lecture # 1

INTRODUCTION
H & P Lecture # 1
HYDRAULICS &
PNEUMATICS
3 + 1 Credit Hours
3 Contact Hours (Theory)
2 contact Hours (Practical)
Total Marks = 100
o Quiz 1 = 10
o Mid Term = 30
o Quiz 2 = 10
o Final Term = 40
o Class Participation = 10




Books:
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems by W. Bolton
Hydraulics and Pneumatics by Andrew A. Parr
Pneumatics: Basic Level by Peter Croser, Frank Ebel
Electropneumatics: Basic Level by G. Prede D. Scholz
Hydraulics: Basic Level by D. Merkle, B. Schrader, M. Thomes
Electrohydraulics: Basic Level by D. Merkle, K. Rupp, D. Scholz

H & P Lecture # 1
Fluid Power:
Fluid power is the use of fluids under pressure
to generate, control, and transmit power. Fluid
power is subdivided into hydraulics using a
liquid such as mineral oil and pneumatics using a
gas such as air or other gases.
H & P Lecture # 1
H & P Lecture # 1
COMPONENTS OF AUTOMATION
H & P Lecture # 1
AUTOMATION
Computer
Electrical
Mechanical
Signal
Conditioning
Amplifier
Motors/ Solenoid
SENSORS
Hydraulics/
Pneumatics
Machines/
Mechanisms
Microprocessor/
Microcontroller
Digital Logic
Design
PLC
Processing
Elements
Actuators/ Motors
Sensors
Amplifiers
H & P Lecture # 1
CHOICE OF WORKING MEDIA /
CONTROL MEDIA

Electrical Current

Pneumatics: Control media is a compressible fluid

Hydraulics: Control media is incompressible fluid
H & P Lecture # 1
1. Electric control
System Comparison
H & P Lecture # 1
Hydraulic / Pneumatic Control
H & P Lecture # 1
2.Hydraulic Control Circuit
H & P Lecture # 1
3. Pneumatic Control System
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COMPARISON OF ACTUATORS
Pneumatic Actuators Hydraulic Actuators Electric actuators
FACTORS Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
Cost Relatives
inexpensive
Systems are
expensive
Relative
inexpensive
Speed High speed Moderate speeds Not suitable for high
speed
Fast actuators
Work area
pollution
Do not pollute
work area with
fluids
Leakage can pollute
the work area
Do not pollute
work area
Lab Work Can be used in
lab work
Not suitable Suitable
No return line
required
Need for a return
line
Energy storage Good
(Reservoir)
Limited
(Accumulator)
Limited (Batteries)
H & P Lecture # 1
Working
condition
Safe in
flammable &
explosive atm
Fire Hazard Danger from
electric shock
Controllability Compressibility of
the air limits control
Oil is
incompressible,
improve control
Accurate control
Noise Noise pollution from
exhaust
Quite operation Low noise
Pneumatic Actuators Hydraulic Actuators Electric actuators
FACTORS Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
H & P Lecture # 1
General Applications of pneumatic systems:
Packaging
Filling
Driving of axes
Door control
Transfer of materials
Turning and inverting of parts
Stacking of components
Stamping and embossing of components
H & P Lecture # 1
Pneumatics is used in carrying out machining
and working operations.
Drilling
Turning
Milling
Sawing
Finishing
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Position switching of a conveyor
belt by pneumatics
Pneumatically controlled Drilling machine
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Pneumatic Cutter
(Rod less pneumatic cylinder)