The document describes various operations involved in on-land drilling rigs, including:
1. Rig building - dismantling the rig at the old location and reassembling it at the new location.
2. Drilling operations such as spudding the well, drilling, coring, tripping, reaming, casing installation, and wellhead fitting and testing.
3. Supporting operations like pipe connections, BHA making/breaking, stand building, coring, and leak off testing.
The document describes various operations involved in on-land drilling rigs, including:
1. Rig building - dismantling the rig at the old location and reassembling it at the new location.
2. Drilling operations such as spudding the well, drilling, coring, tripping, reaming, casing installation, and wellhead fitting and testing.
3. Supporting operations like pipe connections, BHA making/breaking, stand building, coring, and leak off testing.
The document describes various operations involved in on-land drilling rigs, including:
1. Rig building - dismantling the rig at the old location and reassembling it at the new location.
2. Drilling operations such as spudding the well, drilling, coring, tripping, reaming, casing installation, and wellhead fitting and testing.
3. Supporting operations like pipe connections, BHA making/breaking, stand building, coring, and leak off testing.
The document describes various operations involved in on-land drilling rigs, including:
1. Rig building - dismantling the rig at the old location and reassembling it at the new location.
2. Drilling operations such as spudding the well, drilling, coring, tripping, reaming, casing installation, and wellhead fitting and testing.
3. Supporting operations like pipe connections, BHA making/breaking, stand building, coring, and leak off testing.
2 ON LAND DRILLING RIG 3 DRILLING RIG OPERATION Following are drilling rig operation involved in drilling a well Rig building Spudding of well Drilling Coring Tripping Wiper trip Short trip Reaming Coring Logging Casing lowering Cementation Wellhead fitting & testing BOP fitting & testing Fishing operation Hermetical Testing
4 DRILLING RIG OPERATION 5 RIG BUILDING The process of rig building starts with the dismantling of rig equipments on the location where drilling is over. After dismantling all the equipments of the rig are ready for transportation. Transportation is done with the help of trailers and trucks according to the size of the load. Cranes are required for rig dismantling and rig building Dismantling Rig building Transportation Old location New location 6 MAST LOWERING Rig mast is lowered with the help of draw works. Mast is dismantled and transported to new location Telescopic mast is not dismantled but collapsed
Old location 7 MAST RAISING Rig mast is assembled and raised with the help of draw works. Telescopic mast is raised and extended.
Old location 8 DRILLING The beginning of the drilling at the new location is known as spudding of the well. The process of drilling includes following processes.
Making rat hole Making BHA Preparation of mud Drilling (Making hole) Pipe connection Reaming
9 DRILLING Mud conditioning prior to pulling out Running in For resuming drilling For mud conditioning For fishing Coring
10 RATE OF PENETRATION (ROP) ROP is a time taken by a bit to drill one metre of formation, i.e. minutes per metre For e.g. ROP = 15 minutes/metre means the bit takes 15 minutes to drill 1m of formation. ROP keeps on fluctuating. If formation are soft, ROP will increase If formation become hard, ROP will increase If bit becomes worn out, ROP decreases.
11 EFFECT OF WOB ON ROP At lower WOB ROP responds slightly to increase in weight. When weight range crosses compressive strength of the formation - penetration rate increases rapidly .Finally it becomes constant. This continues till complete burial of teeth in formation. 12 WOB ON ROP When the bit is off bottom, complete weight of the string is on the hook & no WOB on bit. When the string is lowered slowly by lowering draw works, the bit touches the bottom. If draw works is lowered further, some of the string weight will be borne by bit as it can not go down any further. That weight borne by the bit is WOB. WOB may vary from 2-3mt to 20-25 mt depending on depth and formations.
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With increased WOB - wear rate of teeth increases & bearing life decreases. There is an optimum WOB for which cost is minimum.
14 REAMING Hole is already drilled While going down in the same hole, held up is observed Goes down with reciprocation Yes. Then RIH No. Then ream with no or very low WOB, low rpm and full circ rate repeatedly till held up disappears Very high and erratic torque is observed 15 REAMING Tight pull is observed during coming up If calculated weight of string and block is 100 ton, but if 110 t weight is observed during coming up, tight pull is 110-100= 10 t Held up is observed during RIH If calculated weight of string and block is 100 ton, but if 90 t weight is observed during RIH, held up is 100- 90= 10 t 16 PIPE CONNECTION Adding pipe single by single to drill ahead using mouse hole Drill pipe length about 9.5 m Once Kelly is down, new pipe is made up Pipe is torqued up, takes weight and provide passage to mud and sealing 17 TRIPPING IN Running in to bottom With stands of drill pipe With new bit to drill ahead With new core bit to core With fishing tool to recover fish With new BHA to drill in desired path 18 TRIPPING OUT Pulling out completely for bit change for BHA change for casing lowering for any complication Slugging the pipe: Required to POOH dry pipes After circ is over Pump slug i.e. mud with 2-3 higher ppg mud followed by regular mud 19 TRIPPING OUT Use of trip tank POOH hole using trip tank monitoring volume of mud taken by well Trip tank is 10 cu m tank with a centrifugal pump and return is taken to the same tank If less mud is taken, well is flowing If more than calculated mud is taken, well is losing mud 20 WIPER TRIP Pulling out of hole (POOH) to last casing shoe Why? To give time to formations to react Formation may swell or cave Go down again and ream if required It is must before casing lowering and logging 21 SHORT TRIP Pulling out of hole (POOH) only a few stands off bottom and not to the last casing shoe Why? To give time to formations to react Carried out when drilling is slow May be we make a short trip of 4-5 stands 22 PIPE LAYING DOWN OR BREAKING Pipe is broken down and laid off in singles At the end of the well To create space for other BHA assembly To remove unwanted stands before casing to reduce load on derrick 23 STAND MAKING Rigs using top drive drill with stands Generally stand has 3 singles of 9.5 m length each Stands made prior to drilling to save time 24 BHA MAKING Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) consists of drill collar, Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, stabilizers, cross over's, jars, bumper subs etc and does not include drill pipe and bit BHA is changed frequently to rearrange placement of stabilizers 25 BHA BREAKING Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) is broken for making new BHA At the end of well 26 CORING Coring is process of retrieving/ extracting down hole formation for analysis at the surface Types of Coring Side wall wire line coring Bottom hole conventional coring Core barrel and core bit used Core barrel of 30 or 60 feet used 27 CORE BARREL AND BIT 28 CORE BIT 29 CORE PIECES 30 LOT (LEAK OFF TEST) Is conducted after drilling down below casing shoe a few metres into new formation. This is done to determine the maximum mud weight that can be used for drilling the next phase. Mud weight is kept below leak off equivalent MW This test is conducted after each casing If required, can be done in between also 33 CASING & HERMETICAL TESTING Casing Test - is conducted before drilling the shoe to ascertain the integrity of the lowered casing. Hermetical Testing is carried out to check the integrity of production casing before handing over the well for production testing 34 HERMETICAL TESTING Production casing is subjected to hermetical testing After casing has been lowered , CBL - VDL log is conducted. If it is OK , integrity of casing has to be tested Drilling fluid inside the casing is displaced by water gradually in several steps 35 WELL HEAD INSTALLATION After WOC, casing head housing which is the first well head component to be installed is fitted on the surface casing. The following procedure is adopted.
Remove false conductor/Riser
Cut the surface casing at a suitable height from the bottom of the cellar pit 36 CASING SPOOL 37 CASING HANGER 38 PRESSURE TESTING OF WELL HEAD It is done to insure the effectiveness of all the seals and connections in the well head system. A portable hydraulic pump is used to apply required pressure. Test pressure is as per the requirement of well pressure expected during a certain phase. It should not exceed the rated pressure of the weakest component of the current well head assembly. 39