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Basic Life Support &
Automated External
Defibrillation Course

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BACKGROUND
Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year in
Europe

Survival to hospital discharge presently
approximately 5-10%

Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of
emergency services

Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within
1-2 minutes) can result in >60% survival

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0 - 4 Menit adalah "Golden
Period" untuk menyelamatkan
nyawa korban.

6 - 10 Menit kemungkinan terjadi
kerusakan otak 50 - 90%

>10 Menit dapat berakibat
kematian

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CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
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CPR -The old way


For more than four decades, CPR involved-

first opening the airway by backwardly tilting the
victim's head (Airway)

pinching the nose of the person and breathing into the
mouth (Breathing)

giving pressure on the chest (Compressions)

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No More ABC CAB
The AHA has recently documented these changes under the
banner 'American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care
The change was brought about after gathering information
from "356 resuscitation experts from 29 countries who
reviewed, analyzed, evaluated, debated, and discussed
research and hypotheses through in-person meetings,
teleconferences, and online sessions ('webinars') during the
36-month period before the 2010 Consensus Conference.
According to the authors of the article "The 2010 AHA
Guidelines for CPR and ECC [Emergency Cardiovascular Care]
are based on the most current and comprehensive review of
resuscitation literature ever published."




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C-B-A Method
CPR carried out on anyone who is unresponsive and
not breathing normally must always begin with
immediate chest compressions.
to ensure that on initiating chest compressions, the
oxygen that is present in the lungs and in the
bloodstream is distributed quickly to the brain and
the heart, gaining 30 seconds of critical time in favor
of the patient
Focus on circulation rather than airway, except for
neonatus (asphyxia)



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Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Check Breathing
Compressions
Open air way
Rescue breaths
2 rescue breaths
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APPROACH SAFELY!

Scene

Rescuer

Victim

Bystanders
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Check breathing
Compression
Open airways
Rescue Breath
2 rescue breaths
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CHECK RESPONSE
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Check breathing
Compression
Open airways
Rescue Breath
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Shake shoulders gently
Ask Are you all right?
If he responds
Leave as you find him.
Find out what is wrong.
Reassess regularly.
CHECK RESPONSE
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No more cricoid pressure
The routine use of cricoid pressure in cardiac
arrest is not recommended
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SHOUT FOR HELP
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Check breathing
compressions
Open airways
rescue breaths
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CHECK BREATHING
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Check breathing
compressions
Open Air way
rescue breaths
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No More Look, Listen, and Feel
Look, Listen and Feel for breathing was
removed from the sequence for assessment of
breathing after opening the airway
The healthcare provider breifly checks for
breathing ehan checking responsiveness to
detect sign of cardiac arrest.
After delivery of 30 compressions, the home
rescue open victims airway and delivers 2
breaths
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30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Approach safely
chest compressions
Check response
Shout for help
Check Breathing
Open Air way
rescue breaths
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Place the heel of one hand in
the centre of the chest
Place other hand on top
Interlock fingers
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
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Compress the chest
Compressions at a rate of at least 100x/min 30x compressions need
18 seconds
The adult sternum should be depressed at least 2 inches (5cm)
Equal compression : relaxation

Push Hard Push Fast
Minimize Interruption
When possible change CPR operator every 2 min


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OPEN AIRWAY
Approach safely
rescue breaths
Check response
Shout for help
Check Breathing
Chest Compression
Open Air way
2 rescue breaths
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Posisi Penolong
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AGONAL BREATHING
Occurs shortly after the heart stops
in up to 40% of cardiac arrests

Described as barely, heavy, noisy or gasping
breathing

Recognise as a sign of cardiac arrest

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RESCUE BREATHS
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Check breathing
chest compressions
Open Air way
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
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Head Tilt Chin Lift
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Jaw Thrust Manuver
NB: J ika korban menunjukan gejala-gejala cedera tulang belakang seperti lebam
pada belakang telinga, pupil mata tidak dilatasi, bentuk tubuh tidak simetris, dan
mengalami priapismus pada laki-laki yaitu berdirinya batang kemaluan korban,
J ANGAN terlalu banyak menggerakan tubuh korban. Usahakan melakukan CPR
dengan 2 rescuer (untuk melakukan manuver J aw Thrust)
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RESCUE BREATHS
Pinch the nose
Take a normal breath
Place lips over mouth
Blow until the chest
rises
Take about 1 second
Allow chest to fall
Repeat


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CONTINUE CPR






30 2
30 2
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DEFIBRILLATION
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Call 112
Approach safely
Check response
Shout for help
Open airway
Check breathing
Attach AED
Follow voice prompts
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SWITCH ON AED
Some AEDs will
automatically switch
themselves on when
the lid is opened
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ATTACH PADS TO CASUALTYS
BARE CHEST
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ANALYSING RHYTHM
DO NOT TOUCH VICTIM
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SHOCK INDICATED
Stand clear
Deliver shock
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SHOCK DELIVERED
FOLLOW AED INSTRUCTIONS
30 2
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NO SHOCK ADVISED
FOLLOW AED INSTRUCTIONS
30 2
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Precordial Thump
The precordial thump should not be used for
unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The
procordial thump may be considered for
patients with witnessed, monitored, unstable VT
(including pulseless VT) if a defibrillator is not
immediately ready for use, but it should not
delay CPR and shock delivery
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IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE
NORMALLY PLACE IN RECOVERY
POSITION
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RECOVERY
POSITION
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CPR IN CHILDREN
Adult CPR techniques
can be used on children

Compressions 1/3 of
the depth of the chest
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AED IN CHILDREN
Age > 8 years
use adult AED

Age 1-8 years
use paediatric pads /
settings if available
(otherwise use adult
mode)

Age < 1 year
use only if
manufacturer
instructions indicate it
is safe

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Tersedak (Chocking)
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Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
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ANY QUESTIONS?