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Coprecipitation
Coprecipitation
Coprecipitation
December 16
2008
Archy, OK, Jesper and Maria
Outline
Precipitation
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/chem3-5/qual_cat/graphics/procedure/proc6.gif
Coprecipitation
Mechanisms
• Surface adsorption
• Mixed-crystal formation
• Occlusion
• Mechanical entrapment
Overview of process
1. Atomic mixing
2. Adding of precipitation agent
3. Calcination
Chemical coprecipitation of mixed (Ba + Ti) oxalates precursor leading to BaTiO3 powders,
Potdar et al, 1998
Simultaneous precipitation
Chemical coprecipitation of mixed (Ba + Ti) oxalates precursor leading to BaTiO3 powders,
Potdar et al, 1998
Parameters
• pH
• Solubility
• Temperature
pH
Constant vs variable pH
Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)
cation pairs: Mg(II)-Al(III) and Zn(II)-Cr(III)
anions: terephthalate (TA) and dodecylsulfate (DS)
• varying the cation combination, interlamellar anion and pH
control, with or without submission to hydrothermal treatment
Comparative study of the coprecipitation methods for the preparation of Layered Double
Hydroxides, Crepaldi et al, 2000
pH - Crystallinity
Comparative study of the coprecipitation methods for the preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides,
Crepaldi et al, 2000
pH – Specific Surface Area and
average pore diameter
Comparative study of the coprecipitation methods for the preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides,
Crepaldi et al, 2000
pH - dependence
• pH
• pOx
• Solubility
Studies of theoretical and experimental precipitation conditions of Y +3, Ba+2, and Cu+2 ions in oxalate-
diethylamine media in the preparation of YBa2Cu3Oy superconductor, Chen et al, 1992
pH region and Solubility
Studies of theoretical and experimental precipitation conditions of Y +3, Ba+2, and Cu+2 ions in oxalate-
diethylamine media in the preparation of YBa2Cu3Oy superconductor, Chen et al, 1992
Studies of theoretical and experimental precipitation conditions of Y +3, Ba+2, and Cu+2 ions in oxalate-
diethylamine media in the preparation of YBa2Cu3Oy superconductor, Chen et al, 1992
Aggregation rates
Studies of theoretical and experimental precipitation conditions of Y +3, Ba+2, and Cu+2 ions in oxalate
Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek
Kinetic stability of hematite nanoparticles: the effect of particle size, He et al, 2007
Aggregation rate, pH
Kinetic stability of hematite nanoparticles: the effect of particle size, He et al, 2007
Aggregation rate, particle
concentration
13, 44, 132 and 440 mg/L of 65 nm Fe2O3 particles was used.
Kinetic stability of hematite nanoparticles: the effect of particle size, He et al, 2007
Coprecipitation
Advantages of Challenges
Coprecipitation • Difficult to control chemical
• Technical simplicity composition
• Low manufacturing • Time consuming
costs • Upscaling issue
• High reproducability
• Fine particle size