NETWORKING

What is a Network ?


Uses of Networking
TYPES OF NETWORKS

LAN: Local Area Network

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

WAN: Wide Area Network
Local Area Network (LAN)

The Local Area
Network can be a
group of computers
and other devices in a
limited geographical
area (say the size of an
office building)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

MAN is a network for
a cluster of buildings,
or two or more
buildings within a
short distance of each
other in a city
Wide Area Network (WAN)

A Wide Area Network
(WAN) can be a group
of computers and other
devices in a larger
geographical area
(say cities, states and
even countries)
Network Models

Sneaker net

Peer-to-Peer

Client/Server
Sneaker Net
The transfer
information, by
physically carrying
removable media from
one computer to
another.
Peer-to-Peer Networks
The peer-to-peer model
is one in which resources
are shared by computers
which are considered
approximately equals
in the network
administration hierarchy.
Client/Server Model
In this Model, a single
computer called a
'server' is given the
duty to provide a
particular service to
one or more 'client'
computers.
SCOPE OF NETWORK
Internet
An internet (or internetwork) is a network of networks, which
are connected together to facilitate sharing resources and
information among users.

Intranet
An intranet is a network that is specific to a single organization.
LAN.

Extranet
An extranet is a network that allows a business to connect with
suppliers, vendors, customers, stockholders or others related to
its business.
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Mesh Network

Linear Bus Network

Star Network

Ring Network

Tree Network

Linear Bus Network
The Bus network
uses a single cable
that all devices to
interconnect.
Star Network
A Star topology is
designed with each
node (file server,
workstations, and
peripherals) connected
directly to a central
network Switch/Hub.
Ring Network
Instead of a central
hub as found in the
Star Network, a MAU
(Media Access Unit) is
the center point in
Ring Network.
Inside the MAU is a
logical ring.
FULL Mesh Network

In a Mesh network,
every device has a
physical connection
directly to every other
device
PARTIAL MESH TOPOLOGY
Tree Network
A Tree Topology
combines
characteristics of
linear bus and star
topologies
NETWORKING HARDWARE
Network Interface Cards (NIC)

Switches/Hubs

Repeaters

Routers
Network Interface Cards
The Network
Interface Card (NIC)
provides the physical
connection between the
network and the
computer workstation
Hubs & Switches
Hub is a device that
provides a central
connection point for
cables from
workstations, servers,
and peripherals.
Repeaters
A repeater is a device
that boosts a
network's signal as it
passes through.
Routers
A router translates
information from one
network to another
Wireless Access Point
A Wireless Access
Point (WAP or AP) is a
device that allows
wireless communication
devices to connect to a
wireless network using
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or
related standards.