SEMINAR

on
ZENER DIODE
 DIODE
: 
It is a two terminal
device consisting of a P-
N junction formed either
in Ge or Si crystal.
It is a one way device
offering low resistance
when forward biased
and behaving almost as
an insulator when
 ZENER DIODE
 
It is the reverse biased,
heavily doped, two
terminal P-N junction
diode which is designed to
operate in the breakdown
region without damage.
It is also called “voltage
reference diode” because
if the reverse voltage
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR
REVERSE BIASING
•  
REVERSE BREAKDOWN
• *P-N junction allows a very
small current to flow when
it is reverse biased. This
current is due to movement
of minority carrier and it is
almost independent of
applied voltage.
• *If reverse bias is made too
high, the current through
the P-N junction increases
abruptly. The voltage at
which this phenomenon
occurs is called
“breakdown voltage“
 CLASSIFICATION OF
BREAKDOWN

*ZENER
BREAKDOWN
*AVALANCHE
BREAKDOWN
 ZENER BREAKDOWN
 
When reverse biased
voltage is increased, the
electric field at the
junction, across the
depletion layer become
very intense. This high
voltage causes the
covalent bond to break
and thus a large pair of
electron-hole pair created
and hence the reverse
current increases
abruptly. This is known as
“zener effect” and this
 AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN
 
This occurs due to cumulative
action. when reverse biased
voltage is increased , it produces
very high electric field across the
junction. This electric field causes
increase in velocity of minority
carrier in depletion layer.These
high energy carrier break
covalent bond , thereby
generating more carriers. These
generated carrier are further
accelerated by electric field to
break more covalent bond .
Hence a chain reaction occurs,
creating large number of carriers
causing large reverse
current.Thiseffect is called
V-I characteristics of zener
diode
=> FORWARD
CHARECTERISTICS
=> REVERSE CHARECTERISTICS
 APPLICATIONS OF ZENER
DIODE
⇒AS VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
A zener diode can
be used to make a
simple voltage
regulation circuit as
pictured . The output
voltage is fixed at
the zener voltage of
the zener diode used
and so can be used
 =>ZENER DIODE FOR METER
PROTECTION

Zener diode are

used in
milliammeter for
protecting meter
against burn out
from accidental
overload. If we use
zener diode in
parallel with meter,
most of current
pass through diode.
ZENER DIODE AS PEAK
CLIPPER
ZENER DIOES ARE
USED TO CLIP OFF
SOME PORTION OF
SIGNAL AVOBE OR
BELOW CERTAIN
LEVEL.HENCE THEY
ARE KNOWN AS
LIMITERS.
DIODE CLIPPER
CIRCUIT CONSISTS
OF :
1 . A RESISTOR
2 . A DIODE
 ZENER DIODE AS
CLAMPERS

These are used for restoring DC reference

level .Minimum requirements are diode,
resistor, and capacitor.
 REPRESENTED BY :
• SHIVENDRA KUMAR IT B 78
• SATISH TIWARY IT B 73
• SHUBHENDU SHEKHAR CS B 80
• SANJEEV RANJAN IT B 72
• VIVEK KUMAR SINHA IT B 91
QUESTION
HOUR
THANKS