UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

UBIQUITOUS
COMPUTING
 BIGGER PICTURE
Basic
idea

• Computing is embedded every where in the environment.

• Computing & processing is embedded into every devices.

• Information access & communication is possible virtually

everywhere.

• Devices can be connected and networked.

• It is also called as pervasive computing.

• It names the third wave in computing

• The age of calm technology, when technology recedes into

the background of our lives.
 UBIQUITOUS
• Existing or being present every where at the same time.
• constantly encountered
• wide spread

• Omni present, allover, universal, constantly available

• Pervasive to the point of subconscious

• Ex-wearable computing
 DEFINITION

• Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop

model of human-computer interaction in which
information processing has been thoroughly integrated
into everyday objects and activities.

• Ubiquitous computing envisions a world in which people

have unlimited, invisible access to information, processing
power and computation capacities. Mobile devices are
very popular today, and are playing a major role for
ubiquitous information and communication. Smartphone's
& PDAs are heavily used.
 HOW TO ACHIEVE
• Making computing & mobile connected.

• Instrument the person.

• Instrument the Physical Surrounding.

 • Pervasive

ENABLING TECHNOLOGY computing

•Wearable
computing
• Embedded system + AI + Protocol = •Intellignt
environment
UBICOMP •Augmented
reality
• Processing-
cheaper,faster,smarter,more energy efficient.

• Storage- big and fast

• Networking –
global, local, ad-hoc, low-power, high-
bandwidth
• Sensors- types, speed, accuracy, price, robustness

• Actuators-computer controlled
 APPLIANCE C0MPUTING
• Dedicated devices-
Mobile Phones, PDA, GPS

• Multi-modal input-
GUI’S, Speech, Pen, Touch Screen

• Zero-maintenance-
Pre-configured, rare-failure.
 STIUATION :#1
• Suppose any body is at gate no.13 in airport,
wants to edit some necessary mail and send it
through WI-FI hotspot.

• But, the person finds low bandwidth.

• NOVA, detects the situation & consults with air-

port servers, that gate no.9,having no flight in
next 2 hr, high bandwidth.

• Now, the person accept the suggestion & move to

gate no.9,checks and edit mail, then it again
suggest to move to gate no.13 to catch the flight.
 STIUATION :#2
• Say, somebody has presentation in few min. but the
persons is not ready yet.

• So, the person grab’s handheld computing device &

start walking to meeting .

• NOVA transfer the state from desktop to PDA or

any handheld device ,finishes editing with voice.

• NOVA infers the schedule, downloads material to

projection computer & warms up projector.

• While entering the room the face detection system

suggest that there are some unfamiliar face’s so not
to disclose any sensitive detail.
 KEY ASPECTS
Scenario1 :
• Proactivity: -NOVA, can estimate how long the whole
process takes and look ahead on is behalf.
• Combining knowledge from different layer :-
wireless congestion and boarding time
• Smart space: -
provide information of wireless issues, flight time
and gates, distance between gates.

Scenario2:
• Moving execution state across diverse platform
• Automatic adjusting behavior to fit circumstances: voice inputs
• Proactivity and smart space.
 THE MODEL ?
• Design aspect :
Wearable computer? Personal assistant?
What sensor and networking ?

• Context-aware :
how to know user’s fate & surrounding
& modify behavior.

• How to cooperate & interact with infra structure?

with outer person?

• How to roam about? reconfigurable?

PDA with 802.11.b,JAVA,UNIX or any other.

 SMART OBJECT/ENVIRONMENT
• Provide service
system design: which embedded system? web
server? Sensors &actuators?
• Naming, registration, discovery

• Physical/virtual mapping

• Mobility management, energy management

• i/o matching, adaptation, environment monitoring

 INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT
• Infrastructure in real life:-
Ex- electricity, roads.
just there are even invisible, open platform.

• Internet infrastructure:-
Domain name service(DNS registry)
Service :cooperating routers, time servers

• TCP/IP :- common formats/protocols

web standards

• Extended the internet to everyday computing

 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SMART OBJECTS

• GAURANTEE:-
security, privacy, availability, reliability

• PROVIDE SERVICES :-
location(where I am)
context(are we in a meeting)
event delivery(tell me when happens)
brokering(find something that…)

• Directory, Discovery ,Roaming

• Mobility ,Roaming
 CONTEXT AWARENESS
Generic features –
Context – information about the environment
with application is associated.

LOCATION and TIME are simple examples of context !

Context aware application:-

- is one which can capture the context
- assign meaning to it
- change behavior accordingly

Need:-
Applications that are context aware and allow rapid
personalization of their service.
 EXAMPLES
1. LIVE BOARD

2. ACTIVE BADGE

3. WEARABLE DEVICE

4. SPEECH RECOGNIZATION

5. MOTION SENSORS

6. SMART -ITS
 S.E.CHALLENGES
Challenges presented by the three features

TOOLKIT
DESIGN
ISSUES

SOFTWARE
STRUCTURING
ISSUES

COMPONENT
INTEGRATION
 TOOLKIT DESIGN ISSUE

• be able to treat all types of I/P as easily as keyboard

or mouse (e.g.: freeform pen based interaction)

• need for clustering techniques that can associate

various forms of data

• Context aware applications need TILE interface

(Time, Identity, Location, Entities)
Open challenges
‘Scalable Interfaces’
- variety of devices with different size and interaction
techniques
Rewriting of Applications !!

Component Integration:
- not all portions of every application are developed
- many times we rely on software

Constraint:
- software are not available for various types of devices /
OS

Need:
Standard methods to communicate and control
wide array of devices and OS
 ISSUES
• How to integrate mobile communication into complex
infrastructure?

• What effect will thy have on work and leisure?

• How to develop & manage adaptable context aware

software systems?

• To many similar standards of wireless network?

• Privacy and security amongst data transfer?

• How to lower the cost of diversity in devices?

 ISSUES
• What is software infrastructure for integration?

• Can devices used as routers?

• Do we get it by just adopting some standards?

• How does a client choose between adaption strategies? how strategies be changed seamlessly as
user moves?

• How do resource reservation in a smart space? what are admission control policies?

• What high-level system can be managed for energy efficiency?(memory, application, adaptation).
 SECURITY
• Interactions cross multiple organizational boundaries

• Specification, analysis and integration for mixed OS,

databases, firewalls, routers

• Lessons from history:-

Cell phones, IR garage doors, CATV decoders
Everything worth hacking gets hacked

• Need for secure ‘out of the box’ set up

• Identify friend or foe level of trust

• Small communicators, with confidential data, are easily lost or

stolen – biometric authentication

• Necessary security technology exists

 PRIVACY
• Location service tracks movement to within meters

• Clearly indicate you are being sensed or recorded + user

control to stop recording or control distribution of
information

• You are now predictable- System can co-relate location,

context and behavior patterns

• Do you want employer, colleagues or insurance company

to know you carry a medical monitor?

• Tension between authentication and anonymity business

want to authenticate you for financial transactions and to
provide ‘personalized’

• Constant spam of context dependent advertising

 MANAGEMENT-NIGHT MARE
• Huge, complex systems:
Billions of processors
Multiple organizations
Managing physical world, controlling
sensors, actuators
Humans will be in the way
• Errors propagate to bring down complete regions
• Hacker and virus paradise
• System propagates false information about
individuals or organization
• Complexity of s/w installation on a workstation or
server – how do you cope with billions?
 CONCLUSION
• Universal PDA/communicator

• Explosion in embedded sensors/actuators

• Context-aware intelligent environment

• Privacy will be a major issue

• Embedded system ,AI, Perception, networking

• Many new and fascinating problem are emerging

• System integration is the key

QUESTION ?