Human Parasitology

INTRODUCTION
1. Definition of parasitology
2. Biological characteristics of parasite

3. Relationships between parasite and host

4. Epidemiology of parasitic disease

5. Prevention of parasitic disease

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1. Definition of Parasitology

Parasitology:
The study of parasite and parasitic diseases.
2. Biological Characteristics of Parasite
2.1 Parasite
The word come from a Greek word
meaning a man who like to eat at
another’s table.
The members of animal kingdom that
can cause diseases in man.(no
vertibrae)
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 2.2 Classification of Parasites

Protozoa
Nematoda
Parasite Helminth Trematoda
Cestoidea
Medical Arthropods
2.3 Life cycle

Definition:
The process of a parasite’s development
and the environmental conditions for the
parasite to finish the process.
 Host
Life cycle of lung fluke

egg larva 1 larva 2 larva 3

river snail

adult adolescent larva 5 larva 4

man, cat,dog crab river

3. Relationship between parasite and host

3.1 Effects of parasite on host

3.2 Effects of host on parasite

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4. Epidemiology

4.1 Distribution

4.2 Three conditions

4.3 Two influence factors

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5. Prevention of parasitic disease

Eradication of sources of infection

Breaking the modes of infection
Protection of easily infected
population

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4.1 Distribution
High infection rate
Wide endemic area
More popular in tropic and sub-tropic
area
More popular in underdeveloped
countries

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4.2 Three conditions

Sources of infection
Modes of infection
Easily infected masses

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4.3 Two influence factors
Social factors
Natural factors

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The End

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Protozoa
Those of parasites that are unicellular
animals.

Helminth
Those of parasites that are multicellular
animals and having no skeletons.

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Medical Arthropods:

Those of parasites that are multicellular

animals and having no skeletons.

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Nematoda

Cylindrical in shape, sexes separate,

complete digestive tract, non-segmented
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Trematoda

Leaf-like
non-segmented
hermaphroditic
incomplete
digestive tract

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Cestoidea
Ribbon-like
Segmented
No digestive
tract
Hermaphroditic
Comparison

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 Infective stage

Definition
The stage of parasite development in
which a parasite gets into human body
and cause infection.

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2.4 Host
Definition:

The members of animal kingdom that

harbor a parasite.

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 Host
Intermediate host
Those of host in which a parasite
pass its larva stages.

Definitive host
Those of host in which a parasite
pass its adult stage.

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 Host

Reservoir host:

meaning the animal which can harbor a

human parasite.

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3.1 Effects of parasite on host
Depriving the host of nutrients
Mechanical effect
Toxic effect
Allergic reaction
Secondary infection
Others

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3.2 Effects of host on parasite
Immunity
Special immunity
Non- Special immunity

Influence factors
Genetic factors
Nutritional status

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