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Chapter10 Preventing and Controlling Chronic Noninfectious Diseases
Chapter10 Preventing and Controlling Chronic Noninfectious Diseases
noninfectious Diseases
primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
(1)Primary prevention
Primary prevention is aimed at
susceptible stage of disease. It
is prevention of disease by
altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals.
Because in this stage, people have
no disease,but they maybe have
already exposed some risk
factors(or cause of disease),we
can according to these risk
factors to prevent disease.
In broad sense, cause of disease
does not refer to a certain cause
of disease, it is the cause of
many diseases.
For example,smoking, drinking,
fat have relation with so much
diseases, such as lung cancer,
hepatitis cancer,
CHD,hypertension and so on.
So,we can take steps according to
these factors ,such as get rid of
smoking,don’t drinking,control
weight ,or loss weight.
Through these methods we can
prevent many diseases.This is
one category of primary
prevention.It is suitable for the
diseases which the cause is
undetermined.
There also has another specific
protective measures.
If we know the risk factor of a
disease, we can take this
measure.
For infectious diseases, we know
the pathogen ,so we can
immunize people using antibody
to this pathogen.
(2)secondary prevention
aim to pre-clinical and clinical
stage
Main contents:
three early---find early
diagnose early
treat early
Find early (basis)
When someone is in the pre-clinical
stage of disease, his tissue may be
occur change but he has no obvious
symptom or specific sign.
So we can not find him by seeing.But,
we can find him early through census,
or sampling survey depending on
more sensitive methods.
Suspicious patients
diagnose early (core)
For suspicious patient, we can
diagnose them exactly by using
of more specificity examination
or test.
Treat early (aim)
For patients diagnosed definitely,
we should treat them according
to their special conditions.
In secondary prevention,even if
we can not stop the occurrence
of disease,but we can slow its
progression ,limit disability and
improve their life quality.
(3) Tertiary prevention
This consists of limitation of disability
and rehabilitation where disease has
already occurred and left residual
damage.
If someone has suffered from a kind of
disease already and has obvious
symptom,he should be treated
according to his symptom.
Doctor should also prevent him
occurring syndrome and
sequela,and prevent disability.
However,if someone has occurred
disability,the major work we
should do is rehabilitation,which
includes two aspects: social and
vocational rehabilitation.
Social rehabilitation means we
should make the people who are
disability feel their roles in
society and self sufficiently. We
can use various methods to
maintain disable people’s social
status.
Vocational rehabilitation:
We should supply suitable work
for them according to their
different characterization of
every disable people.