Part 6: Chapter 13

Introduction To Wireless
Communication

Khurram Bajwa
BTC 2
Introduction to
Telecommunication
 Huge Number of 802.11-Enabled
Devices and Growing

HP iPAQ PDA Cisco 7920 Epson Printer

•PDAs
•Printers
•Projectors
•Tablet PCs
Sharp M25X Projector •Barcode scanners
•Custom devices for
vertical markets:
–Healthcare
HHP Barcode Scanner
Compaq Tablet PC –Manufacturi
ng
–Retail
–Restaurants
2
 Market Realities

802.11b
 Dominates the installed base but not for sale much longer
because of 802.11g
802.11g dominates sales today
802.11a is not thriving in the market
802.11n is under development
 100 Mbps or more in the 5 GHz band

 Fast enough for video


 Antennas
 Yaggi
 Dish
 Directional
 Unidirectional
 Hemispherical
 Toroidal Active Antennas
 Energy beams
 Mass transfer conversion
 Transporters
 Anti matter nacelles and warp drive

Omnidirectional and Directional Antennas

Dish Antenna Omnidirectional

Antenna
Concentrates incoming and
outgoing Signal spreads as a
signals in a narrow range sphere
----- Rapid signal attenuation
Must point at receiver -----
Good for fixed subscribers No need to point at
receiver
Good for mobile
 Wireless Propagation Problems
2.
Electromagnetic
Interference
(EMI) from 1.
Other stations, Attenuation: signal
Microwave ovens, gets
etc. weaker with distance
Blockin
Direct g 3.
Lapto Signal Object Shadow
p Zone
4. (Dead
Multipath Spot)
Interferenc
Reflected e
Signal
Direct and reflected signals may cancel
out
 Wireless Technologies
WAN
(Wide Area Network)

MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network)

LAN
(Local Area Network)

PAN
(Personal Area
Network)
PAN LAN MAN WAN
Standards Bluetooth 802.11 802.11 GSM, CDMA, Satellite
802.15.3 802.16
802.20

Speed < 1 Mbps 11 to 54 Mbps 10-100+ Mbps 10 Kbps–2 Mbps

Range Short Medium Medium-Long Long

Applications Peer-to-Peer Enterprise Networks Last Mile Access Mobile Data Devices
Device-to-Device
802.11 Wireless LAN Standards (Table)

802.11g
802.11a, operating at if 802.11g
a higher frequency, access
has more attenuation 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g point
Than 802.11b serves an
802.11b
station
Not
Rated Speed 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54 Mbps
Specified

Actual Throughput, 6 Mbps 25 Mbps 25 Mbps 12 Mbps

3m

Actual Throughput, 6 Mbps 12 Mbps 20 Mbps 11 Mbps

30 m
802.11 Wireless LAN Standards (Table)

802.11g
if 802.11g
access
802.11b 802.11a 802.11g point
serves an
802.11b
station

Unlicensed Band 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz

8 to 14
Number of Non-
3 In future, 3 3
Overlapping Channels
19 to 24

2.4 GHz non-overlapping channels are 1, 6, and

11
Using Different Channels in Nearby Access
Points

Access Access Access

Point A Point B Point C
Channel Channel Channel
1 6 6
O Interferenc
K e
O Interferenc O
K e K

Interferenc O
e K
Access Access Access
Point D Point E Point F
Channel Channel Channel
6 6 11