The Road to TS16949

and
Beyond!


History of Quality
1798 Eli Whitney Colt Revolver
1913 Henry Ford assembly line
1924 Shewart - SPC
1973 Japanese Quality Appears
1987 ISO 9000
1990 Six Sigma
> 2000 Business
Excellence
Standards Progression
Military Standards
ISO 900X

Customer Specific
QS 9000
TS 16949
Mil Stds to ISO 9000
MoD Inspection (UK)
Dept of Defecnce (USA)
NATO
Defense Contractor Specific

BS 5750:1979

ISO 9000:1987
ISO 9000:1994
ISO 9000:2001

Revised every 5 years

ISO 9000 was European little visibility in America

Automotive Progression
Customer Specific to QS 9000
Old Customer Specific Systems
Pre 1988 - each Auto Company had own unique Quality systems
Ford (Q1), GM (TFE), Chrysler(SQA)
Suppliers had to have 3 different systems and prep for 3
different audits
First party audits (they audited) high cost to Big 3

QS 9000 Progression
1994 QS 9000 1
st
Edition
Harmonized Big 3 Requirements
(ISO 9001-94 base)
Still had unique Customer Specific
Requirements
1995 QS 9000 2
nd
Edition
1998 QS 9000 3
rd
Edition


TS16949 Progression

1999 TS 16949 (ISO 9000-1994 base)
1
st
Edition
2004 TS 16949 (ISO 9000-2000 base)
Now includes Germany, France, Italy
Genealogy of TS 16949:2002
1987:1994
Next Generation
Business Excellence Models 1

NQI Canadian Framework
for Business Excellence
European Foundation for Quality
Management (EFQM)
NIST Malcolm Baldridge National
Quality Award Program
Sarbanes-Oxley
Next Generation
Business Excellence Models 2
Integration of:
Environment
Safety
Quality
Social Accountability
Finance (SOX)
into one Business System
Quality will Become the
Result
of Business Decisions
Owner/Driver:
Executive
Management
Why QS 9000?
Optimist Says
To simplify and standardize
Adopt best practices
Cynic Says
Quality had got upper hand over Purchasing due to
Japanese Quality
Purchasing mandated all suppliers to have the same
Quality and went back to purchasing on price
Big 3 could eliminate audit staff and push audit costs to
supplier base
COST REDUCTION for Big 3 (NOT Suppliers)

Problems with QS-9000
Problem suppliers were QS 9000 registered
poor quality, late delivery: low price but very high cost

QS 9000 certification process lost credibility
there were Problem registrars: buy a certificate

Rumor has it that a survey was done

Problem suppliers had the same few registrars

One pair was rumored to be AQSR-UBE Mason

Why Change from QS to TS?
Official Story

QS has reached the end of its development life (10 yrs)
Based on ISO 9001:1994 which is Obsolete

QS did not include :

Germany (VDA)
France (EAQF)
Italy (AVSQ)
Japan (Toyota SQAM, Nissan ANPQP)

More Problems with QS-9000
North American bias
QS9000 motto was" One World One System
World means America?
Developed in isolation by Big 3 - Perceived as an insult
by everyone else

Europe and Japan were not part of QS 9000

Big 3 no longer includes Chrysler 3
rd
is now Toyota

Where is Japan on TS?
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
(JAMA)

Participated in the creation of TS 16949

Toyota feels their system is better - they say

TS is a good start
Why Change from QS to TS?

Word on the Street

QS 9000 was a judged to be a failure
Did not achieve the desired results

Optimist says improved quality
Cynic says lower costs






Problems with Registrars
Registrars are paid by suppliers - Conflict of Interest
Led to lite weight audits buying a certificate
Registrars saw it as a gravy train cash cow

TS eliminated 75% of registrars: due to ineffective auditing.

TS has MUCH tougher rules for registrars

Big 3 told registrars they have one last chance,
if TS fails they will go back to 1
st
party audits