Paramyxo

viruses

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 Paramyxo viruses
• Paramyxoviruses are enveloped RNA virus.
• Contain one piece single stranded RNA.
• Surface spikes are: hemagglutinin,
nuraminidase and fusion protein.
• Paramyxo viruses are:
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Parainfluenza virus 2
 Paramyxo viruses
Virus Hemagglutinin Nuraminidase Fusion
protein
Measles + - +

Mumps + + +

Respiratory - - +
syncytial
Parainfluenza + + +

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Paramyxoviridae structure

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 Measles virus

Measles
virus

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 Measles virus
• Reservoir
– Humans
• Transmission
– Person-to-person via droplets during
prodormal period and a few days after
symptos.

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 Measles virus

• Incubation period
– Average 10-14 days.
• Infectious period
– From 4 days prior to rash onset to 4 days
after rash onset.

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Measles pathogenesis

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 Clinical features

• Prodrome:
• Fever,
• cough,
• coryza,
• conjunctivitis.

Koplik’s spots - Bright red lesion with a

white central dot, located on the buccal
mucosa. 9
Clinical features
• Rash: maculopapular,
begins at hairline,
progresses downward
• Complications
– Diarrhea,
– Otitis media
– Pneumonia,
– Encephalitis

• Measles in pregnancy cause stillbirth rather

than congenital anomalies.
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 Laboratory diagnosis

• Typical clinical presentation.

• Laboratory confirmation:
• Isolation of measles virus
• Significant rise in measles IgG by any
standard serologic assay
• Positive serologic test for measles IgM

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 Control measures
• Prevented by immunization with a live attenuated
vaccine.
• Should be administered with mumps and rubella
as MMR, or with mumps, rubella and varicella as
MMRV

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Mumps virus

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 Transmission

• Reservoir: Human
• Transmission: Respiratory droplet nuclei.
• Incubation period: 18-21 days.

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 Mumps Pathogenesis

• Respiratory transmission of virus

• Replication in nasopharynx and regional
lymph nodes
• Viremia with spread to tissues
• Multiple tissues (parotid glands, testes,
ovaries, pancreas) infected during viremia

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 Clinical conditions
• Prodromal symptoms: Fever, myalgia,
malaise, headache.
• Followed by acute onset of unilateral or
bilateral tender, self-limited swelling of the
parotid gland (s).
• Complications:
Orchitis, Ophoritis
Sterility, Pancreatitis
CNS involvement
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 Laboratory Diagnosis

• Isolation of mumps virus in cell culture.

• Detection of mumps IgM antibody
• Detection of mumps IgM antibody
• A four-fold rise in IgG antibody
• Detection of mumps DNA by PCR,

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 Mumps Vaccine

• Prevented by live, attenuated vaccine.

• Should be administered with measles and

rubella (MMR) or with measles, rubella and
varicella (MMRV)

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Respiratory Syncytial
Virus (RSV)
 Resp. Sync. Virus

• Enveloped, single stranded, RNA virus.

• Host range limited to humans; single
serotype
• Transmission via droplets, fingers, fomites
• Incubation period- 2-8 days
• Entry through mucosa of nose and eye

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 Clinical Features
• Upper respiratory infection in older children
and adults:
Fever, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis & otitis media
• Lower Respiratory Infection in infants:
Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia, Cough, Poor
feeding, lethargy, Hypoxemia, Respiratory
Distress, Apnea

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RSV Bronchiolitis- clinical features
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 Parainfluenza viruses

• Enveloped, single stranded, RNA virus.

• Four serotypes, host range limited to
humans,
• Transmission via respiratory droplet.
• Infections limited to respiratory tract,
generally non-systemic and viremia rare.

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 Parainfluenza viruses
• Serotypes 1 and 2 cause cold-like symptoms,
bronchitis and croup.
• Serotypes 3 causes infection of children in lower
respiratory tract.
• Diagnosis
– Virus culture
– Syncytia formation
– A 4 foled rise of antibody titer.
– PCR
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