BAROTRAUMA

6 F
2014

PULMONARY OVER INFLATION
BAROTRAUMA
RUPTURE OF ALVEOLI
Fast ascent
Pulmonary syndrome by overpressure
1. Distension with local lesions
2. Mediastinal emphysema
3. Subcutaneous emphysema
4. Pneumothorax
5. Arterial gas embolism.
Mediastinal emphysema
Physical exam
Signs and symptoms
Treatment
SINUS BAROTRAUMA
This form of sinus can occur on
ascent when some form of openings
prevents expanding gas from
escaping
ASESSMENT
Examine the nose for download rhinorrhea



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Severe pain over the affected sinus
Bloody discharge




MANAGEMENT
Treat for epistaxis by pinching firmly on the
fleshy part of the patients nostrils



Transport in a positions of comfort.

INTERNAL EAR BAROTRAMA
Occurs when a diver descends and has failed
attempts to equalize the middle ear
ASSESSMENT
Examine the ear canal for any discharge
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Vertigo
Nausea
Disorientation
Ataxia
Vomiting
diaphoresis

MANAGEMENT

The patient should avoid strenous activities
and loud noise whith no pressure change.

Transport in upright position
ALTERNOBARIC VERTIGO
It occurs as expanding gas
moves through the
Eustachian tube and
unequal pressure develops
in the middle ear.

ASSESSMENT ; Examine the ear canal, assess
any hearing loss.
MANAGEMENT: No specific intervention is
required no transport is needed if symptoms
resolve quickly.

GASTROINTESTINAL SQUEEZE
This occurs when
expanding gas in the gut
becomes trapped.

ASSESSMENT: examine the abdominal
quadrants.
sign and symptoms include abdominal
fullness, belching and flatulence.

MANAGEMENT: Gastrointestinal squeeze
normally resolves on its own and rarely needs
medical attention.

subcutaneous emphysema
air leak from a ruptured alveoli
and conitua to top from the neck
and clavicle.
examination
examine the lung
fields
decrease in respiration

symptoms
hoarseness swelling
crepitacias difficulty
swallowing

TREATMENT
vital signs monitoring
verify saturation
placement of 2 to 4 liters per minute

AIR EMBOLISM
is a blockage of the arterial vessel by a gas
piston. which is produced by nitrogen.


is easily detectable by an intense whistle
(swirl noise) produced when blood and air
are mixed
Air embolism is an accident that usually occurs
in diving



These nitrogen bubbles obstruct blood vessels

Signs and symptoms
Dyspnea
cyanosis
Tachypnea
chest tightness
Stupor
hemiparesis

TREATMENT
supplemental oxygen
abcd
vital signs
hyperbaric chamber

GRACIAS!!!!