Understanding WCDMA KPI Notes: by John R Garvin

Section 6 Trouble shooting using KPIs and
Counters
Drive Survey Analysis Process Diagram
Drive test Data
Scran Drive test
data
RNC Counters
RNC
Parameters
Data loaded into
software tool
KPI reports per
route
KPI report
failure analysis
Weekly report
DPDCH
including CRC
Channel
Decoder
Data
including CRC
Admission
Control

BLER
Targets
Min
Max
DPCCH
Pilot Bits
Pilot
Evaluation
SIR
Min/Max SIR
DPCCH
TPC
RAB
Assign
ment
from
core
UE
Node B
UE Node B RNC MSC / VLR MGW
RRC
1. RACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION REQUEST <TM>
2. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
3. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
6. DOWNLINK SYNCHRONISATION
7. UPLINK SYNCHRONISATION
11. DCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE <AM>
8. FACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP <UM>
4. ESTABLISH REQUEST (AAL2)
5. ESTABLISH CONFIRM (AAL2)
Start RX
RRC
NBAP NBAP
NBAP NBAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
DCH-FP DCH-FP
DCH-FP DCH-FP
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
Start TX
10. RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION
NBAP NBAP
9. INSYNCH IND
L1 L1
Signaling Bearer Set up
RRC connection attempts
The analysis of this key
performance indicator
Detect problems in
interaction between UE
and the network. This must
be setup before NAS
signaling can take place
for mobility management,
call control and session
management

Detect cells with high
initial access
UE Node B RNC MSC / VLR MGW
RRC
8. FACH: CCCH: RRC connection reject<UM>
RRC
RRC Congestion/Dropped Connections

RRC Congestion/Dropped Connections
Dropped RRC connections attempts can be identified on behalf of the
following messages:
RRC connection Reject
RRC Connection release following the cell update request
Admission
Control

Interference
load
max planned load
max planned Noise Rise
?
power
load
max planned load
max planned power
?
Admission Control (AC)
Will only allow UE access if the planned Maximum
interference and Maximum planned power is NOT
existed

Power and Interference
Call setup failures System issue NodeB
RRC Connection Reject after RRC Connection Request
Good RF conditions
Admission Control can reject too many (or admit too many) connection requests due to wrong
PrxNoise Rise measurements.
NUMBER OF RRC CONNECTION REQUESTS
This measurement provides the number of RRC connection requests
screened by establishment cause

NUMBER OF RRC CONNECTION SETUP
This measurement provides the number of RRC CONNECTION SETUP
messages sent by the RNC in response to RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST.
The RNC can send several times the message (controlled by N351 and
T351) if no answer is received from the mobile.

NUMBER OF FIRST RRC CONNECTION REQUESTS
This measurement provides the number of RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST received by the RNC, without consider the ones that have
repeated by the mobile (if the mobile has not received RRC
CONNECTION SETUP within T300) in the same cell.
NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL RRC CONNECTION
ESTABLISHMENTS
A. This measurement provides the number of successful RRC connection
establishments screened by establishment cause
C. Reception by the RNC of a RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
message following a RRC connection establishment attempt..

NUMBER OF RRC CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT
FAILURES
A. This measurement provides the number of RRC connection
establishment failures screened by establishment failure cause
C. The measurement counts the number of RRC connection establishment
attempts which have not evolved into an RRC connection establishment.
A RRC connection establishment attempt is considered on the reception by
the RNC of a RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message.
UE Node B RNC
RRC
2. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
3. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
6. DOWNLINK SYNCHRONISATION
7. UPLINK SYNCHRONISATION
11. DCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE <AM>
8. FACH: CCCH: RRC CONNECTION SETUP <UM>
4. ESTABLISH REQUEST (AAL2)
5. ESTABLISH CONFIRM (AAL2)
Start RX
RRC
NBAP
NBAP
NBAP
NBAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
DCH-FP DCH-FP
DCH-FP DCH-FP
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
Start TX
10. RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION
NBAP NBAP
9. INSYNCH IND
L1 L1
Signaling Bearer Set up
NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL NBAP
RADIO-LINK SETUPS
A. This measurement provides the
number of radio-links successfully
setup on a NBAP point of view,
screened by Downlink Access
Stratum configuration.
C. Receipt of a "RADIO LINK SETUP
RESPONSE" or "RADIO LINK
SETUP FAILURE" NBAP message
sent by Node B to the Controlling
RNC in response to a RADIO LINK
SETUP REQUEST message.
The measurement considers each
Radio Link mentioned as set-up in
the "RADIO LINK SETUP
RESPONSE" or "RADIO LINK
SETUP FAILURE" NBAP message.
Questions
What QoS is NBAP placed?
What QoS are users placed?
What QoS is ALCAP placed?
Give 2 items found in an NBAP RADIO LINK
SETUP REQUEST
Give reasons for NBAP failure?

ISHO Failures

ISHO AMR Call
UE
CN RNC NODE
B
RCC: Measurement Report
NBAP: RL Reconfigure Prepare
NBAP: RL Reconfigure Ready
NBAP: RL Reconfigure Commit
RCC: Physical Channel
Reconfiguration
NBAP: Compressed Mode
Command
RCC: Measurement Report (GSM
RSSI)
RCC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Complete
RCC: Measurement Control
Command
RCC: Measurement Report (BSIC
verified)
RANAP: Relocation Required
RANAP: Relocation Command
RCC: Handover From UTRAN
Command RANAP: Iu Release Command
RANAP: Iu Release Complete
NBAP: Radio Link Deletion
Request
Response
Reporting
Event Triggered
Handover Decision :
BSIC verification
required
ISHO AMR Call
UE
CN RNC NODE
B
Reconfiguration
Command
RSSI)
Complete
Command
verified)
Request
Response
Reporting
Event Triggered
NUMBER OF FAILED NBAP
RADIO-LINK
RECONFIGURATION
PREPARATIONS
number of radio links failed in
reconfiguration preparation.
- Receipt of a NBAP RADIO LINK
RECONFIGURATION FAILURE
message sent by Node B to the
Controlling RNC in response to a
RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION
PREPARE message.
Problems could be:
- No reception of RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY
message before a time-out
- RRM refusal (e.g. no power allocation, no code allocation)
- RNC I-Node refusal (e.g. no CID allocation)
ISHO AMR Call
UE
CN RNC NODE
B
Reconfiguration
Command
RSSI)
Complete
Command
verified)
Request
Response
Reporting
Event Triggered
COMPRESSED MODE
CONFIGURATION SUCCESS
number of successful Compressed
Mode configuration (CM is
configured by NBAP RL
Setup/Reconfiguration for the BTS
and RRC RBSetup/Reconfiguration
for the UE. It may then be activated
latter if the UE needs to perform
radio measurements on another
UMTS frequency or on GSM,
according a radio alarm
criteria).
C. Successful Compressed Mode
configuration (Success on both
NBAP RL Reconfiguration
Response and RRC RB
Setup/Reconfiguration Response,
containing CM configuration).
D. Screened per Compressed
Mode configuration.
Level
Received Signal Level
(dBm)
From: To:
RXLEV_0 - -110
RXLEV_1 -110 -109
RXLEV_2 -109 -108
RXLEV_62 -49 -48
RXLEV_63 -48 -
In compressed mode
RXLEV is measured and
recorded by the UE.
Measurement Report
RxLev = -110 + 4 = -106 dBm
4
POOR GSM
COVERAGE
No suitable
cell
Measurement Report
ISHO delay is affected by;
RNC databuild 2G neighbour lists provided to UE must be optimum.
The longer the list the longer it takes UE to complete RSSI
measurements

UE measures all GSM carriers indicated in the Measurement Control
message prior to sending Measurement Report to RNC

If UE is not able to measure all GSM carriers within the measurement
period it sends an empty Measurement Report

Handover to 2G Network
Once the UE has verified the BSIC measurement using the RRC: Measurement Report the
RNC sends a RANAP: Relocation Required message to the CS-CN .. The CS-CN
responds with a RANAP: Relocation Command message.
The RNC instructs the UE to move to the 2G cell using the RRC: Handover Command from
UTRAN message.
Information on 2G target cell
ISHO Analysis from Drive Test Data
Need to analyse each ISHO attempt
to determine;
Whether it was a necessary ISHO
What the trigger mechanism was
(helps determine whether trigger
thresholds are set correctly)
Whether the ISHO was successful
and if not the failure cause (e.g. No
cell found, UE failed BSIC
verification, UE didnt receive
HandoverFromUTRANCommand)
ISHO Success Rates

Process needs to be automated
within the drive test post-
processing tool(s)
Failure Analysis - Example
33%
33%
7%
7%
7%
13%
Network does not isse 'Cell Change Order'
UE responds to 'Cell Change Order' with a 'Failure'
UE does not react to the 'Cell Change Order'
UE does not report any GSM RSSI measurements
UE does not receive the CM 'Measurement Control'
UE fails BSIC verification
ISHO AMR Call
UE
CN RNC NODE
B
Reconfiguration
Command
RSSI)
Complete
Command
verified)
Request
Response
Reporting
Event Triggered
NUMBER OF INTER-RAT
HANDOVER FROM UTRAN
COMMANDS PER CELL
number of RRC HANDOVER
FROM UTRAN COMMAND
messages (3G to 2G handover for
CS or CS+PS) emitted by an RNC,
acting as serving RNC,
for each cell controlled by this RNC.
The reference cell of the involved
UE has to be under thecontrol of
this RNC.
ISHO AMR Call
UE
CN RNC NODE
B
Reconfiguration
Command
RSSI)
Complete
Command
verified)
Request
Response
Reporting
Event Triggered
NUMBER OF INTER-RAT
HANDOVER FROM UTRAN
FAILURES PER CELL
number of RRC HANDOVER
FROM UTRAN FAILURE
messages (3G to 2G handover for
CS or CS+PS) received by an
RNC, acting as serving
RNC, for each cell controlled by this
RNC. The reference cell of the
involved UE has to be
under the control of this RNC.
C. Reception of a RRC
HANDOVER FROM UTRAN
FAILURE message by a RRC
from a UE
.
ISHO AMR Call
UE
CN RNC NODE
B
Reconfiguration
Command
RSSI)
Complete
Command
verified)
Request
Response
Reporting
Event Triggered
NUMBER OF 3G TO 2G
HANDOVER REQUESTS PER
CELL
number of RRM decisions for a 3G
TO 2G handover
performed by a RNC, screened by
reference cell from which the UEs
have left the 3G
Network, when these cells are
controlled by the considered RNC.
This measurement considers both
CS and PS handovers..
In most cases BSIC verification is not required (data interrupt as UE moves to 2G)
PS makes use of RRC: CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN message
U
E
Node
B
RNC
RRC: Measurement Report
RRC: Measurement
Control
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration
Prepare
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
Commit
RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Complete
NBAP: Compressed Mode Command
RRC: Measurement Control
GSM RSSI Measurement
ISHO triggering (5 reasons are
possible)
Initial Compressed
Mode Configuration
CN
RANAP: SRNS Context Request
RANAP: SRNS Context Response
RANAP: IU Release
Command
RANAP: IU Release
Complete
RRC: Cell Change Order from UTRAN
RANAP: SRNS Data Forward
Command
ISHO 3G -> 2G - PS Signalling Flow
In most cases BSIC verification is not required (data interrupt as UE moves to 2G)
PS makes use of RRC: CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN message
U
E
Node
B
RNC
RRC: Measurement
Control
Prepare
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
Commit
Complete
NBAP: Compressed Mode Command
GSM RSSI Measurement
ISHO triggering (5 reasons are
possible)
Initial Compressed
Mode Configuration
CN
RANAP: SRNS Context Request
RANAP: SRNS Context Response
RANAP: IU Release
Command
RANAP: IU Release
Complete
RRC: Cell Change Order from UTRAN
RANAP: SRNS Data Forward
Command
ISHO 3G -> 2G - PS Signalling Flow
NUMBER OF RRC CELL
CHANGE ORDER FROM
UTRAN
PER CELL
A. This measurement
provides the number of RRC
CELL CHANGE ORDER
FROM UTRAN
messages (3G to 2G
handover for PS only) emitted
by an RNC, acting as serving
RNC, for each cell controlled
by this RNC. The reference
cell of the involved UE has to
be under the control of this
RNC.
Parameter Suggested values
HHoEcNoThreshold -12 dB
HHoEcNoCancel -9 dB
CPICH EcNo HHoEcNoCancelTime 640 ms
HHoEcNoTimeHysteresis 100 ms
EcNoFilterCoefficient 600 ms
HHoRscpThreshold -105 dBm
CPICH RSCP HHoRscpCancel -103 dBm
HHoRscpFilterCoefficient 200 ms
HHoRscpTimeHysteresis 100 ms
HHoRscpCancelTime 640 ms
UL Tx Power GsmUETxPwrThrAMR -3 dB
GsmUETxPwrFilterCoeff 10ms
GsmUETxPwrTimeHyst 320ms
DL DCH GsmDLTxPwrThrAMR +13dB
UL Quality ULQualDetRepThreshold
ISHO:Parameter Summary :
SHO: Failures
UE RNC
Node B2
Node B1
RRC: MEASUREMENT REPORT (DCCH)
NBAP: RL SET-UP
REQUEST
NBAP: RL SET-UP RESPONSE
ALCAP: ERQ
ALCAP : ECF
RRC: ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE
(DCCH)
L1 SYNC
NBAP: SYNCH INDICATION
RRC: ACTIVE SET UPDATE
(DCCH)
FP: Downlink Sync
FP: Uplink Sync
RRC: MEASUREMENT
CONTROL
Admission
Control
SHO: Failures
UE RNC
Node B2
Node B1
NBAP: RL SET-UP
REQUEST
ALCAP: ERQ
ALCAP : ECF
RRC: ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE
(DCCH)
L1 SYNC
(DCCH)
FP: Downlink Sync
FP: Uplink Sync
RRC: MEASUREMENT
CONTROL
Admission
Control
NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATES
PER CELL
A. This measurement provides the number of successful RRC ACTIVE
SET UPDATE procedures managed by an RNC. It is incremented by
the number of cells that are added or removed, on the cells that were in
the original active set and that stay in the new active set ((ie, not added
and not removed).
C. Receipt of a RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE message sent
by UE to the Serving
RNC in response to an ACTIVE SET UPDATE message.
SHO: Failures
UE RNC
Node B2
Node B1
NBAP: RL SET-UP
REQUEST
ALCAP: ERQ
ALCAP : ECF
RRC: RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATE
FAILURE (DCCH)
L1 SYNC
(DCCH)
FP: Downlink Sync
FP: Uplink Sync
RRC: MEASUREMENT
CONTROL
Admission
Control
NUMBER OF FAILED RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATES PER
CELL
A. This measurement provides the number of failed RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATE
procedures managed by a RNC, for each cell controlled by the RNC.
This measurement is based on two different events:.
- Receipt of a RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE message sent by UE to the
Serving RNC
in response to a RRC ACTIVE SET UPDATE message.
- Time-out expired without reception of a ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE
message or a
ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE message..
RAB Failures
Radio Access Bearer (RAB) Set-up
UE CN RNC Node-B

RANAP: RAB Assignment
Request: RRC RADIO BEARER
SETUP
Admission Control
ALCAP: Establish Request
(ERQ)
ALCAP : Establish Confirm
(ECF)
FP Downlink Sync
FP Uplink Sync
ALCAP : Establish Request
(ERQ)
(ECF)
NBAP: RL Reconfiguration
Commit
RRC: Radio Bearer Set-up
RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
Complete
RANAP: RRC RADIO
BEARER SETUP
message.
Radio Access Bearer (RAB) Set-up
UE CN RNC WBTS/
Node-B

Request : RRC RADIO BEARER
SETUP
Admission Control
ALCAP: Establish Request
(ERQ)
(ECF)
FP Downlink Sync
FP Uplink Sync
ALCAP : Establish Request
(ERQ)
(ECF)
NBAP: RL Reconfiguration
Commit
Complete
RANAP: RRC RADIO
BEARER SETUP
message.
NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL RADIO-BEARER
ESTABLISHMENTS PER CELL
A. This measurement provides the number of
successful radio bearer establishment procedures,
for each cell controlled by the RNC which is the
reference cell.
During such a procedure, the measurement attached
to a given cell is incremented if the cellis the primary
cell of the active set of the UE.
C. Reception by the RNC of a RRC RADIO BEARER
SETUP COMPLETE message following the
emission of a RRC RADIO BEARER SETUP
message.
Release of AMR Speech Call
UE RNC MGW Node B
Call Established
Iu Release Command
Iu Release Complete
RRC Connection Release
RRC Connection Release Complete
Radio Link Deletion Request
Radio Link Deletion Response
ALCAP: Release Request
ALCAP: Release Response
Call Released
Direct Transfer (Disconnect)
Direct Transfer (Release)
Direct Transfer (Release Complete)
7
In this example the UE initiates the call release by sending the Disconnect message to the CS
core
The network acknowledges the Disconnect message with a Release message
The core network initiates the release of the Iu resources using the Iu Release Command
message
Release of AMR Speech Call
UE RNC MGW Node B
Call Established
Iu Release Command
Iu Release Complete
Call Released
7
In this example the UE initiates the call release by sending the Disconnect message to the CS
core
The network acknowledges the Disconnect message with a Release message
The core network initiates the release of the Iu resources using the Iu Release Command
message
NUMBER OF FAILED RADIO-BEARER RELEASES PER
CELL
A. This measurement provides the number of RB release failures screened by
release failure cause, for each cell controlled by the RNC which is the primary
cell.
During such a procedure, the measurement attached to a given cell is
incremented if the cell is the primary cell of the active set of the involved UE.
C. The measurement counts the number of emissions by the RNC of a RRC
RADIO BEARER RELEASE message for which any subsequent RADIO
BEARER RELEASE COMPLETE message has been received.
Layer 3 messages
The KPI measurement conditions should be used to define exclusion areas during drive
test for acceptance of a cluster.
All failures happening in those area, that do not respect the coverage requirements
should be discarded.
Layer 3 messages must be done in good RF conditions or you will get false reading

Good RF
RSCP equal to or greater -95dBm
Ec/No equal to or greater -12dBm

Need to Define the KPI measurement (from Drive test)
Call Setup Success (voice, circuit switched data)
Successful call setup means that DL/UL Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting) message is received by
UE.
Session Setup Success (packet switched)
This is related to PDP context activation. Successfully activated PDP context means that
activate PDP context accept message has been sent from RNC to UE (RRC:downlink direct
transfer (SM:activate PDP context Accept)).
Call Setup Time (voice, circuit switched)
Call setup delay is measured from L3 messages, starting from RRC Connection Setup
message to DL Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting) message.
Session Setup Time (packet switched)
The session setup time is the delay between the time the UE sends the data session activation
request until GPRS attach and PDP context activation has been successfully completed.
Call Drop (voice, circuit switched)
A dropped call occurs. The call will be dropped in case RRC connection release (not normal
release) message has been send from RNC to UE.
Session Drop (packet switched)
Session drop rate can be defined as the number of successful PDP deactivations against
number of successful PDP activations.
Definition of Call Set-Up Success Rate (CSSR)
UE
RRC: Connection Request
RRC Connection Setup phase
Resource Reservation in RNC, BTS, Transmission
RRC: RRC Connection Request Setup
RRC Connection Access phase
RNC waits reply from UE
RRC: RRC Connection Completed
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer cm service request
RANAP: Initial UE Message
DIRECT TRANSFER (Call
Proceeding)
Request
Complete
RAB Connection Setup phase
Resource Reservation in RNC, BTS, Transmission
Response
DIRECT TRANSFER (Alerting)
BTS
RNC CN
DIRECT TRANSFER (Connect)
DIRECT TRANSFER (Connect
Acknowledge)
RAB Connection Access phase
RNC waits reply from UE
Call Set-
up
Success
Rate
Call Set-
up Time
Definition of the Call Completion Rate (CCR)
UE
RNC MGW
Node B
Call Established
Iu Release Command
Iu Release Complete
Call Released
DIRECT TRANSFER (Alerting)
DIRECT TRANSFER (Connect)
DIRECT TRANSFER (Connect
Acknowledge)
Call Drop
Rate
Call
Duration
Definition of Session Setup Time
UE
CN
RNC WBTS
INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER (Attach Request)
Downlink Direct Transfer (Authentication & Ciphering Request)
UE already has an RRC connection
SCCP: Connection Request
SCCP: Connection Confirm
RANAP: Authentication & Ciphering Request
Security Mode Command
Uplink Direct Transfer (Authentication & Ciphering Response)
RANAP: Authentication & Ciphering Response
RANAP: Security Mode Command
Security Mode Command RANAP: Security Mode Command
RANAP: Common ID
Downlink Direct Transfer: Identity Request RANAP: Identity Request
Uplink Direct Transfer: Identity Response RANAP: Identity Response
Downlink Direct Transfer: Attach Accept Direct Transfer: Attach Accept
Uplink Direct Transfer: Attach Complete Direct Transfer: Attach Complete
INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER (Active PDP Context Request) DIRECT TRANSFER (Active PDP Context Request)
DIRECT TRANSFER (Active PDP context Accept)
RANAP: RAB ASSIGNMENT
REQUEST
RRC: Radio Bearer Set-up Complete
RANAP: RAB ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE
INITIAL UE MESSAGE (GPRS Attach)
Session
Set-up
Time
Call setup failures RF issue
RF issue? Dominance

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Section 6 Trouble shooting using KPIs and

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