Taxonomy & Biodiversity

Taxonomy
- Science of naming, describing and classifying organisms into
different groups(taxa)(systematics)





- Importance
- Predict characteristic of newly discovered species
- New species can be classified based on specific characteristic

- Species Groups of individual that interbreeds to produce
viable fertile offspring





- Systematics is
study of diversity
of organism and
their evolutionary
relationship
- Classification , involving
arranging organism into
groups based on similarities
which reflects evolutionary
relationship
Taxonomy Hierarchy
Taxon is group that contains organism that share some basic features that indicates
they share a common ancestry
Kingdom.. Animalia
Phylum Chordata
subphylum................ Vertebrata
Class ... Mammalia
Order .. Rodentia
Family . Muridae
Genus .. Peromyscus
Species leucopus

FI VE KI NGDOM SYSTEM
Animalia Fungi Plantae
Protista
Prokaryotes
Protista
includes mostly unicellular organisms that do not fit into the other
kingdoms such as

Characteristics of Protists
mostly unicellular, some are simple multicellular (algae)
can be heterotrophic , autotrophic and parasites

most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human
body)




Algae-Cholorophyta
Chlamydomonas (Green Algae)







Spirogyra
Protozoa-Zoomastigina
Fungi
are mostly multicellular eukaryotes ex for yeast

Characteristics of Fungi
- Lacks chlorophyll and they are heterotrophic( , , )
- Body consist of mycelium , hyphae(network of tubular filaments) and rigid cell wall
made of chitin
- Non motile because.
- Carbohydrates stored as
- Spores produced sexually and asexually
Zygomycota-Mucor
- The hyphae are not divided into
individual cell but it is continuous and
multinucleated
- Mucor feeds by branching
hyphae(rhizoids) that penetrate
substances
- Usually found in damp soil or dung of
herbivores

Bryophyta
Characteristics
- Small , simple pant-lives in damp, shady places .. E.g
- Lacks true roots, stems and leaves .. Only consist of thallus differentiated into simple
leaves
- Anchored by filamentous rhizoids the whole plants absorbs water and mineral salts.
(no xylem and phloem)
- Gametophyte(n) generation is dominant, Sporophyte(2n) attached to it and dependent
for nutrition.



Filicinophyta
Characteristics
- Fern, where the sporophyte generation is dominant has true roots, stems and leaves
- Has vascular system that consist of tracheid and sieve tube
- Commonly found in temperate woodland, and tropical rainforest
- Described as heterosporous or homosporous



Coniferophyta
Characteristics ( for eg Pinus)

- Pinus has seed that is exposed and not protected by ovary
- Also has more developed xylem tracheids (secondary thickening of lignin) and pholem
that has sieve tube, fibres and parenchyma but no companion cell.
- Leaves are needle like with thick waxy cuticles with sunken stomata why ?
- Sporophyte is dominant and its is heterosporous,,,
Angiospermata