The Excretory System

How Our Body Eliminates Cellular

Wastes
Excretory System removes excess water,
H2O, urea, carbon dioxide, CO2, and other
wastes from our body or the blood.

Urinary tract filter out excess water and
urea
Lungs filter out carbon dioxide, CO2,
from the blood.
Skin excretes water, as sweat, which
contains some trace chemical wastes,
including urea.
Gastro-intestinal tract eliminates waste
products of digestion
I. The Kidneys
Every drop of blood in your body is
filtered by your kidneys more than 300
times per day!
filter blood- 2, 000 L/day (500 gal)
Kidneys eliminate urea, minerals and
excess water.
Kidneys regulate the amount of water we
need to maintain in our bodies.
Kidneys filter wastes and excess water
from the blood.

Ureters tubes that take urine from the
kidney to the urinary bladder.

Urinary Bladder a sack that stores urine.

Urethra small tube that leads urine out of
the body.
Urinary tract is the main system
of elimination


Outer layer- Cortex

Inner layer- Medulla

Calyx- collects urine as
it is formed, join
together to form the
ureter
30-7
Urine Formation:
Glomerular Filtration
First process occurs in renal
corpuscles
Fluid part of the blood is
forced from glomerulous into
Bowmans capsule
Becomes glomerular filtrate
Glomerulus
30-8
Factors affecting glomerular filtration
Filtration pressure amount of pressure that
forces filtrate from the glomerulus into
Bowmans capsule.
Determined by blood pressure
Rate of filtration sympathetic nervous
system control
Constriction of afferent arterioles decreases
filtration pressure
Urine Formation:
Glomerular Filtration (cont.)
30-9
Second process in urine formation
Glomerular filtrate proximal convoluted tubule
Nutrients, water, and ions pass through the walls of the
renal tubule into the peritubular capillaries
Water reabsorption depends on hormones
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Aldosterone
Both increase water reabsorption, which decreases urine
production
Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular
Reabsorption
30-10
Urine Formation: Tubular Secretion
Third process of
urine formation

Substances move
from blood in the
peritubular
capillaries into the
renal tubules
Secreted substances
Drugs
Hydrogen ions
Waste products
Tubular
Secretion
Signs of Disease


Doctors analyze urine for disease;

Normal urine contains water, urea and trace
minerals.

Sugar in urine indicates Diabetes

Protein in urine indicates the kidneys are not
working and the person, or animal, is very sick.
II. The Respiratory System
Eliminates carbon dioxide (CO
2
) in the
body
The Lungs
Exchange of CO
2
and O
2
takes place at the
alveoli of the lungs
The Bronchioles
Tiniest terminal segment that conducts
gases
The Bronchi
Last segment that conducts gases
The Trachea
Short tube that leads to the bronchi
The Larynx
connects the pharynx and trachea
The vocal folds of the larynx control
airflow and allow the production of sound.
The Pharynx
connects the nasal cavity with the larynx
A pair of tonsils are found here
The Nasal Passages
Lined with hair to help filter the air we
inhale
III. The Integumentary System:
Skin
heaviest single organ of the body
Elastic
adults =1.2 2.3 m
2
of surface to the
environment.
Major Functions of the skin:
Protection
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Metabolic Functions
Main Layers:
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis/Subcutis
panniculus adiposus
EPIDERMIS
Consist mainly of stratified squamous
keratinized epithelium, but also contain 4
less abundant cell types:
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkels cells
Layers of the Epidermis:
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
26
Thick skin 400X
thick layer of
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum
granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
Layers of the Dermis:
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
28
Skin 400X
dermal
papilla
epidermis
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
consist of loose connective tissue that binds the
skin loosely to the subjacent organs, making it
possible for the skin to slide over them.
Often contain fats cells that vary in number
according to area and size according to nutritional
state.
Also referred to as the superficial fascia and,
where thick enough, the panniculus adiposus.
IV. The Digestive Tract
A series of organs forming a long muscular
tube whose continuous lumen opens to the
exterior at both ends
It eliminates food debris and bacteria or
undigested food and bacteria