TURBOCHARGER

BY
NAVEEN KUMAR.S


What is turbocharger?

A turbocharger is turbine-
driven forced induction device
that increases an engine's
efficiency and power by forcing
extra air into the combustion
chamber.
It takes air to support the
combustion of fuel to create
usable power, so increasing
power begins with increasing
airflow.
Turbocharger Design

WORKING
Exhaust waste gas from the engine cylinder travels
towards the turbocharger.
Exhaust waste powers the turbine wheel which is
connected to the compressor wheel by the turbine shaft.
Turbine shaft rotates the compressor wheel drawing in
and compressing cool air .
Compressed air travels through an intercooler
For further cooling before reaching the engine
Cylnder.
Fuel mixes with the compressed air and is ignited by the
spark plug .
Exhaust waste is led out by the combustion and the
process repeats itself.


SPECIFIC PARTS

The turbine wheel begines the whloe process of
sending compressed air to the engine cylinder.
Turbine wheel can be made of steel or ceramic
blades, but ceramic is preferred because it is light
weight meaning it will spin faster and prevent turbo
lag .
Turbo lag is the delay that comes from the engine
not responding to the bost acquired from the
turbocharger .
Turbine wheels can rotate anywhere between
80000 to 150000 revolutions per minite
The turbine wheel is connected to the turbine shaft ,
and the two are connected by ball bearing .
Proper mounting and connection
between the turbine and turbine shaft is
necessary because it operates at such
high speeds.
The wastegate releases excess exhaust
waste from turbine .
COMPRESSOR
When the compressor wheel spins , it
draws in air from the ambient air inlet
located on the opposite side of the
turbineexhaust gas inlet to retrive cool
air.
The compressor increases the density
of incoming air by six to eight pounds
per square inch .
At sea level , the density of air is 14.7
psi, so the compressor yields about a
fifty percent increase
The highly compresse air leaves the
compressor section throgh the
compressor air discharge as it travels
towards the intercooler.

INTERCOOLER
Also known as a charger air cooler , intercooler
decreasethe temperature of the incoming
compressed air .
The intrecooler is comprised of bars,
passageways and fins that the compressed air
travels through
The engine fan keeps the intercooler cool as the
compressed air passes through.
Intercooler are vital because hot air expands and
if the intercooler keeps the compressed air cool
the air becomes more compact (providing more
air to the cylinder which yields from more power.


TACHOMETER
Allows the driver to monitor and mesure how quickly the
engine is working in revolution per minute.
By being able to monitor the speeds of the engine ,the
driver can stop the vehicle when the engine begines to
work harder(faster rpm) than usual
Helps make sure the turbocharger and engine are in sync
BOOST GAUGE
Displays the amount of pressure on the turbocharger in psi
Since the turbocharger and engine work together ,the
amount of air pressure going into the engine cylinder
needs to stay consistent and at a tolerable amount.
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS

KNOCKING
Knocking is when the air and fuel combination in the cylinder
combusts before the spark plug actually ignites it ,throwing off
the synchronization between the turbocharger and the engine .
This is due to the extreme temperature and highly compressed
air.
Knocking reduces th full rotation of the pistion the cars
performance .
SOLUTION
Waste gate assists in preventing knocking by monitoring how
much pressure is in the turbine .
When too much pressure is in the turbine section , the waste
gate releases extra exhaust to slow down the speed of the
turbine wheel.
Intercooler prevents knocking as well by keeping the
temperature of the compressed air low.

CONCLUSION
Todays auto world is the world of fast and
furious automobiles. Turbo engines are
one the best solutions that offers
optimum speed and power with several
additional features such as high boost at
lower speed, utilization of waste gas
energy environmental friendly.

Before we talk about the design tradeoffs, we need to talk about some of the possible
problems with turbochargers that the designers must take into account.
Too Much Boost:
With air being pumped into the cylinders under pressure by the turbocharger, and then
being further compressed by the piston, there is more danger of knock. Knocking
happens because as you compress air, the temperature of the air increases. The
temperature may increase enough to ignite the fuel before the spark plug fires. Cars
with turbochargers often need to run on higher octane fuel to avoid knock. If the boost
pressure is really high, the compression ratio of the engine may have to be reduced to
avoid knocking.
Turbo Lag:
One of the main problems with turbochargers is that they do not provide an immediate
power boost when you step on the gas. It takes a second for the turbine to get up to
speed before boost is produced. This results in a feeling of lag when you step on the
gas, and then the car lunges ahead when the turbo gets moving. One way to decrease
turbo lag is to reduce the inertia of the rotating parts, mainly by reducing their weight.
This allows the turbine and compressor to accelerate quickly, and start providing boost
earlier.

The turbocharger has three main
components:
The turbine, which is almost always
a radial inflow turbine (but is almost
always a single-stage axial inflow
turbine in large Diesel engines)
The compressor, which is almost always
a centrifugal compressor
The center housing/hub rotating
assembly

APPLICATION
Petrol powered Cars
Diesel powered Cars
Motorcycles
Trucks
Aircraft