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    01historyofbuildingmaterials 120525050836 Phpapp02

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    Tannum Negi
    This document provides a brief history of building materials from prehistoric times to the modern period. It covers the main materials used in different eras, including: 1) In prehistoric times, materials like wood, animal bones, leaves and clay were used to build tents, huts and other temporary shelters. 2) During the Neolithic period, permanent settlements emerged along with more substantial building materials like wood and stone for structures like communal houses. 3) Major ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome each had distinguishing building materials that defined their architectural styles, ranging from mudbricks and bitumen to marble, concrete and steel.

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    01historyofbuildingmaterials 120525050836 Phpapp02

    Uploaded by

    Tannum Negi
    42 views38 pages
    This document provides a brief history of building materials from prehistoric times to the modern period. It covers the main materials used in different eras, including: 1) In prehistoric times, materials like wood, animal bones, leaves and clay were used to build tents, huts and other temporary shelters. 2) During the Neolithic period, permanent settlements emerged along with more substantial building materials like wood and stone for structures like communal houses. 3) Major ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome each had distinguishing building materials that defined their architectural styles, ranging from mudbricks and bitumen to marble, concrete and steel.

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    This document provides a brief history of building materials from prehistoric times to the modern period. It covers the main materials used in different eras, including: 1) In prehistoric times, materials like wood, animal bones, leaves and clay were used to build tents, huts and other temporary shelters. 2) During the Neolithic period, permanent settlements emerged along with more substantial building materials like wood and stone for structures like communal houses. 3) Major ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome each had distinguishing building materials that defined their architectural styles, ranging from mudbricks and bitumen to marble, concrete and steel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    42 views38 pages

    01historyofbuildingmaterials 120525050836 Phpapp02

    Uploaded by

    Tannum Negi
    This document provides a brief history of building materials from prehistoric times to the modern period. It covers the main materials used in different eras, including: 1) In prehistoric times, materials like wood, animal bones, leaves and clay were used to build tents, huts and other temporary shelters. 2) During the Neolithic period, permanent settlements emerged along with more substantial building materials like wood and stone for structures like communal houses. 3) Major ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome each had distinguishing building materials that defined their architectural styles, ranging from mudbricks and bitumen to marble, concrete and steel.

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    of 38

    BRIEF HISTORY OF

    BUILDING MATERIALS
    AR. RINO D.A. FERNANDEZ
    PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age)
    32,000 BC 12,000 BC
    NOMADIC HUNTER
    CAVE
    MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age)
    12,000 BC 8,000 BC
    FOOD GATHERER
    TEMPORARY
    SHELTER FROM
    PERISHABLE
    MATERIALS
    NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age)
    8,000 BC 3,000 BC
    FARMING
    PERMANENT SETTLEMENT
    VILLAGES OF CIRCULAR &
    LATER RECTANGULAR
    HUTS

    COMMUNAL HOUSE
    CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS

    TENT
    - wooden poles/animal bones as
    framework
    - leaves to form the tent
    HUT
    - broad leaves intertwined as covering
    - composite building materials were
    used (clay & wood)
    - reeds padded with clay for walls
    CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
    COMMUNAL HOUSE
    - wooden post & lintel to
    support the ridge pole &
    rafters
    - thatch for the roof structure
    - walls were made of various
    materials, such as clay, wattle
    & daub, tree bark & thatch
    STONE STRUCTURES
    - dolmen
    - granaries
    - temples
    -cromlech

    Construction Method was post & lintel
    CROMLECH
    A circular arrangement
    of megaliths enclosing
    a dolmen or burial
    mound
    STONEHENGE
    STONEHENGE
    SALISBURY PLAIN, SOUTHERN ENGLAND
    - The most imposing megalithic
    monument in existence

    - Known in the 12
    th
    cent. as Dance
    of the Giants

    - Known today as the
    sarcen circle
    STONEHENGE
    SALISBURY PLAIN, SOUTHERN ENGLAND
    MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
    Chaldea man-made clay,
    plain & glazed bricks,
    bitumen & pitch (for
    cementing), calcerous earth
    (mortar)

    Assyria stone, brick
    (extensively used),
    alabaster & limestone (for
    facing)

    Persia hard & colored
    limestone, timber
    ZIGGURATS


    Ziggurat at Ur
    Ziggurat at Bursippa
    Tower of Babel

    MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
    BABYLON

    CITY OF BABYLON
    - with 100 towers and 100
    bronze doors
    MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
    ASSYRIA

    PALACE OF SARGON
    - entrance portals flanked with
    statues of headed winged
    bulls & lions
    - contains 700 rooms
    MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD
    EGYPTIAN PERIOD

    Natural products timber,
    stone, brick, clay

    Masonry materials limestone,
    sandstone, alabaster, basalt,
    porphyry, granite

    Timber used Acacia (boats)
    Date Palm (roofing)
    Sycamore (mummy case)

    EGYPTIAN PERIOD
    EGYPTIAN PERIOD
    EGYPTIAN PERIOD
    GREEK PERIOD
    Chief building materials:

    - Marble
    - other stones
    GREEK PERIOD
    ROMAN PERIOD
    Chief building material:

    - Concrete
    ROMAN PERIOD
    ROMAN PERIOD
    ROMAN PERIOD
    ROMAN PERIOD
    ROMAN PERIOD
    EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
    The ruins of the Roman
    buildings provided quarry
    where materials were
    obtained. This influence the
    style of construction,
    decoration for columns, &
    other architectural features
    as well as fine sculpture &
    mosaic from older bldg w/c
    were turn into basilican
    churches of the new faith

    A - Atrium
    B - Narthex
    C - Nave
    D - Transept
    E - Apse
    EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
    GOTHIC PERIOD
    GOTHIC PERIOD
    GOTHIC PERIOD
    GOTHIC PERIOD
    RENAISSANCE PERIOD
    RENAISSANCE PERIOD
    Chief building material:

    - Concrete
    - Steel
    - Glass
    PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
    CONCRETE DEVELOPMENT:

    1756 - British Engineer, John Smeaton
    made the first modern concrete
    (hydraulic cement) by adding
    pebbles as a course aggregate &
    mixing powered brick into the
    cement

    1824 - Joseph Aspdin invented Portland
    Cement

    1849 - Joseph Monier invented
    Reinforced Concrete, and patented
    in 1867
    PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
    MODERN PERIOD
    MODERN PERIOD
    MODERN PERIOD

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