This document discusses radio waves and electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the characteristics of waves including amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and velocity. It explains how radio communication works using medium/long waves with relay stations or short waves reflected by the ionosphere. Television broadcasting uses VHF or UHF. Satellite communication involves transmitting microwaves between satellites and Earth. The functions of electronic components in radio transmission and reception systems are also outlined.
This document discusses radio waves and electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the characteristics of waves including amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and velocity. It explains how radio communication works using medium/long waves with relay stations or short waves reflected by the ionosphere. Television broadcasting uses VHF or UHF. Satellite communication involves transmitting microwaves between satellites and Earth. The functions of electronic components in radio transmission and reception systems are also outlined.
This document discusses radio waves and electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the characteristics of waves including amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and velocity. It explains how radio communication works using medium/long waves with relay stations or short waves reflected by the ionosphere. Television broadcasting uses VHF or UHF. Satellite communication involves transmitting microwaves between satellites and Earth. The functions of electronic components in radio transmission and reception systems are also outlined.
AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 8.1 RADIO WAVES Waves that cause particles in a medium to vibrate perpendicularly to the direction in which the waves travel are called transverse waves. Examples of transverse waves: (i) Water waves (ii) Electromagnetic waves 8.1 RADIO WAVES Transverse wave 8.1 RADIO WAVES
Characteristics of waves
Amplitude, A - Maximum displacement of a wave from its resting position - SI unit is metres (m)
Wavelength, - Distance between two successive crests or troughs - SI unit is metres (m)
Frequency, f - Number of crests or troughs that passes through a point per second - SI unit is hertz (Hz) Wave velocity, v - Distance travelled by the wave in one second - SI unit is metres per second (m/s) 8.1 RADIO WAVES
Characteristics of a transverse wave 8.1 RADIO WAVES All electromagnetic waves can travel in a vacuum. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all electromagnetic waves.
8.1 RADIO WAVES Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio Music In Victoria University X Games 8.1 RADIO WAVES Characteristics of electromagnetic waves All are transverse waves
Can travel in vacuum
Moves very fast 8.1 RADIO WAVES Radio communication As the Earths surface is curved, radio waves cannot be transmitted directly over long distances without being blocked by the Earths surface. For long distance communication using medium or long waves, relay stations are used to extend the range of transmission.
8.1 RADIO WAVES For long distance communication using short waves, short waves are first sent up to the ionosphere where they are reflected back to a receiver on Earths surface.
8.1 RADIO WAVES Relay stations are used to extend the range of transmission of medium or long waves CHAPTER 8.1 RADIO WAVES Short waves are reflected by the ionosphere back to the Earth 8.1 RADIO WAVES Television broadcasting Most television broadcasting uses VHFs or UHFs. The television stations in Malaysia uses UHFs to broadcast their programmes.
8.1 RADIO WAVES Satellite communications Satellite communications involve the transmissions of information in the form of microwaves between the satellites and the Earth. Most satellites receive signals from Earth, strengthen the signals and then send the signals back to Earth.
8.1 RADIO WAVES Satellite communication 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION Electronic component Symbol Function Aerial To receive all radio waves with different frequencies within its range Inductor
Works with a variable capacitor to form a tuning circuit Variable capacitor
Works with an inductor to form a tuning circuit Diode Separate the a.f. signals from the the amplified modulated r.f. signals through modulation Capacitor
To store electric charges 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION Electronic component Symbol Function Transistor To amplify the a.f. signals before sending them to the loudspeakers or earphones Resistor
Works with a transistor to amplify the a.f. signals Transformer
To change the voltage of an alternating current 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION The radio transmission system Sound waves cannot travel very far through the air. So a radio transmission system is needed.
8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION Sound waves are converted into electrical signals known as audio frequency signals (a.f. signals) by a microphone The a.f. signals are sent to an amplifier where their amplitude is increased The amplified a.f. signals are sent to the modulator. At the same time an oscillator generates radio waves known as radio frequency (r.f.) carrier waves which is also sent to the modulator In the modulator, the a.f. signals combined with the r.f. carrier waves through amplitude modulation (AM) or frequency modulation (FM) to produce amplitude modulated r.f. signals or frequency modulated r.f. signals Modulated r.f. signals are finally sent to a transmitting aerial which converts the modulated r.f. signals into radio waves The radio waves are transmitted at a particular frequency from the transmitting aerial to its surrounding 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION Modulator r.f. oscillator Electrical power supply A radio transmitter Sound waves Microphone Amplifier Amplified a.f. signals Amplitude modulated r.f. signals (r.f. signal carrying a.f. signal) Radio waves transmitted at one frequency r.f. signals a.f. signal 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION The radio receiver system In the radio receiver system, a receiving aerial receives the weak radio waves with many frequencies transmitted from different radio stations. 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION All weak radio waves are received by the receiving aerial The radio waves are converted back into modulated r.f. signals with different frequencies which are then sent to the tuner At the tuner, the frequency of the radio receiver is adjusted to match the frequency of the radio station When the frequency of the radio receiver matches the frequency of the required radio station, the modulated r.f. signals become stronger by having a larger amplitude The stronger modulated r.f. signals are then passed through an amplifier where their amplitude is increased The amplified modulated r.f. signals are sent to a detector which separates the a.f. signals from the modulated r.f. signals (demodulation). The a.f. signals are amplified The amplified a.f. signals are sent to a loudspeaker which converts them back to sound waves. The sound waves are then transmitted at different frequencies from the loudspeaker to its surrounding 8.2 RADIO COMMUNICATION Tuner Electrical power supply A radio receiver Radio waves of different frequencies Amplifier Receiving aerial Weak r.f. signals of different frequencies Amplified r.f. signals Detector Selected r.f. signal (one particular station) a.f. signal separated from the r.f. signal Amplifier Amplified a.f. signal Loudspeaker 8.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Microwave signals used for satellite communication system have very high frequencies.
At a ground station on Earth, microwave signals of certain frequency are sent up to a communication satellite The communication satellite amplifies the microwave signals and convert it to another frequency The amplified microwave signals are sent to satellite dishes or other ground stations 8.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Advantages of using satellites to transmit information A wide coverage for the transmission of signals Clear signals transmitted without being corrupted Signals transmitted at the speed of light Low cost of sending information over long distances 8.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Other uses of satellites Navigation Exploration Surveillance Weather 8.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF USING ICT FOR THE BENEFIT OF MANKIND The use of ICT has greatly benefited us in many different ways. ICT allows us to communicate over long distances by sending information in various forms such as text, pictures, sounds and videos in great volumes and at high speeds. CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 1. The diagram shows a wave form.
What is the wave length of the wave? A. 2 m B. 4 m C. 20 m D. 30 m
10 m 20 m CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 2. Which propagation wave has the highest frequency? A.
B.
C.
D.
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 3. A wave with a frequency of 50 Hz moves at a velocity of 300 ms -1 . What is the wavelength of the wave? A. 6 m B. 250 m C. 350 m D. 1500 m
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 3. A wave with a frequency of 50 Hz moves at a velocity of 300 ms -1 . What is the wavelength of the wave? A. 6 m B. 250 m C. 350 m D. 1500 m
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 4. Which of the electronic components A, B, C or D is able to store charges? A.
B.
C.
D. CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 5. Which of the following electric components allows current to flow in one direction only? A. B. C. D.
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 6. A radio could not receive a broadcast clearly. Which part of the radio receiver should be modified? A. Diode B. Aerial C. Speaker D. Transistor
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 7. What is the symbol of a resistor? A.
B.
C.
D. CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 8. What is the function of the microphone in a radio transmitter? A. Receives radio waves B. Generates radio waves C. Converts sound waves to electrical signals D. Combines carrier waves and sound signals CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 9. Which of the following is true about communication satellites? A. Located outside the Earths orbit B. Obtains energy from the Earths satellite station C. Three satellites are needed for worldwide communication D. Makes one complete orbit around the Earth in one month CHAPTER 8: ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) QUIZ 10. What is the use of communication satellites? A. Archaeology B. Weather forecast C. Radio broadcasting D. Wireless microphone