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Separation of Mixtures
Separation of Mixtures
Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures
Monday, September 15,
2014
Separation of Mixtures
Identify the ways in which
magnetic attraction
filtration
evaporation
distillation
paper chromatography
can be used to separate mixtures.
Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures are matter that are made up of
two or more compounds and/or elements.
They can be usually be separated.
Solution
Homogeneous mixture containing dissolved particles.
(0.12.0 nm in diameter)
Example: Mineral water
Colloid
A homogeneous mixture containing particles with
diameters in the range 2500 nm
Examples: Skin lotion, milk
Suspensions
mixtures with even larger particles, but they are not true
solutions because they separate upon standing.
Examples: Sambal Nasi Lemak, Orange Juice
Solute & Solvent
Solute: the dissolved substance in a solution
Solvent: the major component in a solution
Kinds of Solutions
Separation of Mixtures
Techniques
Magnetic
Attraction
Filtration
Paper
Chromatography
Distillation
Evaporation
Separation of Mixtures
Magnetic Attraction
Separating mixtures containing magnetic
material like iron, cobalt and nickel.
Separation of Mixtures
Evaporation
Separating mixture of dissolved solids from
a liquid.
Heat is applied to quicken evaporation but
NOT to cause decomposition.
Separation of Mixtures
Filtration
Separating mixture of un-dissolved solids
from a liquid.
Some Filtration Systems
Filtration diagram
Separation of Mixtures
Distillation
Separating liquid-liquid mixtures of different
boiling points.
Temperature tells the type of vapour that is
entering the condenser.
Laboratory Distillation Setup
Stone chips are
added into the
liquid to allow
even and uniform
boiling
Cold and hot water enters
from the bottom and top of
the condenser respectively.
Water will gain heat as
vapour condenses.
Warmer water is less
effective in condensing
vapour
Thermometer at the
entrance of the
condenser
indicates the
boiling point of the
type of vapour
entering it
Whiskey distillery
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Used in refineries to separate crude oil
into its different components
Based on difference in boiling point.
Products include: Natural Gas, Kerosene,
Gasoline, Diesel, Diesel Oil
Less Dense
Component
Denser
Component
Separation of Mixtures
Paper Chromatography
Identify the type of substances in a mixture.
Each substance has a different solubility in a
common solvent.
(1) Mixtures
added at the
base line
(2) Paper
dipped into
solvent for
mixtures
(3) Component
will run along
paper as it
dissolves in
solvent
Components of Essential Oils are
separated
Separation of Mixtures
What are the components in mixture X?
Red X Yellow Blue
X Contains Red and
Yellow Components
Separation of Mixtures
How do you separate a mixture of salt,
sand and iron?
Salt
Salt
Salt
Iron
Iron
Iron
N S
Sand
Sand
Sand
Magnetic attraction to get iron filings
Add water to dissolve salt
Filter to get sand residue
Evaporate filtrate to get salt
Separation of Mixtures
Conclusion
5 simple methods of separating mixtures.
Different methods for components of mixtures
with different properties.
Separating mixtures produces better
understanding of mixture.
Man can produce useful mixtures/components
from raw components/mixtures.