SEMINAR ON

+ NUCLEAR BATTERY -


Presented By
Shivam Pandey
Third year (EEE)
Guided By
Priyank Agrawal
Assistant
Professor
Raj Kumar Goel Engineering College,
Ghaziabad,UP
CONTENTS
Why Nuclear Battery ???
Historical Developments
Energy Production Mechanism
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion

Q. Why Nuclear Battery
???

ANSWERS :

Need for compact reliable light weight and self-
contained power supplies.
Chemical batteries require frequent replacements
and are bulky.
Fuel and Solar cells are expensive and requires
sunlight respectively.
Can be used in in accessible and extreme
conditions.


Nuclear batteries have lifespan upto decades
and nearly 200 times more efficient.
Do not rely on nuclear reaction , so no
radioactive wastes.
Uses emissions from radioactive isotope to
generate electricity.



HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
Nuclear battery technology began in 1913,when Henary
Mosley first demonstrated the beta celL.
The field received considerable in-depth research
attention for applications requiring long-life power
sources for space needs during the 1950s and 1960s.

ENERGY PRODUCTION MECHANISMS

Betavoltaics :
Uses energy from beta particles.
Provides extended battery life and power
density.
Absorbed radiation creates electron-hole pair.
Results in the generation of electric current.
Representation of basic beta voltaic
conversion

Electrode A (P-region) has a positive potential while
electrode B (N-region) is negative.
Before the radioactive source is introduced , no current flows as
the electrical forces are in equilibrium.
As a beta emitter is introduced , electrons are knocked out by its
energy.
Generates electron-hole pairs in the junction.
When beta particle imparts more than ionization potential the
electron rises to a higher level.
Potential difference drives electrons from electrode A through the
load where they give up the energy.

Beta Volatile Conversion
Direct Charging Generators:
This method makes use of kinetic energy as well as
the magnetic property of Alpha particles to generate
current.
It consists of a core composed of radioactive
elements.
Primary generator consists of a LC tank circuit.
LC circuit produces the oscillations required for
transformer operation.



Schematic Diagram of an LC resonant
circuit
1 Capacitor
2 Inductor
3 Core with radioactive elements
4 Transformer T primary winding
5 Resistance
6 _ Secondary winding
7 _ Load
WORKING
Oscillations induced in LCR circuit damp out due to loss of energy.
Here energy is imparted to the alpha particles during the decay of
elements in the core.
This energy is introduced to circuit when alpha particles are absorbed by
the inductor.
Oscillations sustain until amount of energy absorbed=amount of energy
dissipated in ohmic resistance.
This excess energy is delivered to the load connected across
transformer T secondary winding.
ADVANTAGES
Life span- minimum of 10 years.
Reliable electricity.
Amount of energy highest.
Lighter with high energy density.
Efficient
Reduces green house and associated effects.
Fuel used is the nuclear waste from nuclear fission.
DISADVANTAGES
High initial cost of production
Energy conversion methodologies are not much
advanced.
Regional and country-specific laws regarding
use and disposal of radioactive fuels.
To gain social acceptance.
APPLICATIONS
Space applications:
Unaffected by long period of darkness and radiation
Compact and lighter in weight.
Can avoid heating equipments required for storage batteries.
High power for long time independent of atmospheric
conditions.
NASA is trying to harness this technology in space applications.


Medical applications:
In Cardiac pacemakers
Batteries should have reliability and longevity to
avoid frequent replacements.
Mobile devices:
Nuclear powered laptop battery Xcell-N has 7000 - 8000 times more life.
No need for charging, battery replacing.





Automobiles:
No need for frequent recharging as in case of present electric
vehicles.
Military applications
Safe, longer life
Under-water sea probes and sea sensors:
In sensors working for long time.
At inaccessible and extreme conditions.
Use in coal mines and polar sensor applications too.




CONCLUSION
Small compact devices of future require small batteries.
Nuclear batteries increase functionality, reliability and
longevity.
Batteries of the near future.
With several features being added to this, nuclear cells are
going to be next best thing ever invented in the human history.

THANK YOU