CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

PLANT DESIGN

LECTURE # 1
Pre-Requisite

The basic requisite for chemical engineering
plant design is to have firm grip on
fundamentals of unit operation, unit
processes, thermodynamics, economics,
reaction engineering and basic sciences.
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Course Description
Introduction, process design development,
general design considerations, optimum
design, material of fabrication and their
selection, material transfer handling and
equipment design, heat transfer equipment
design, mass transfer equipment design,
application of computer aided design of
software.
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COURSE OBJECTIVE
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This course fills the need for design,
implementation and the control of existing
chemical plant and new development.
Knowledge of environment and safety
issues regarding chemical plant with focus
on minimization of pollution. Optimizing the
energy needs, with focus on minimization of
cost and maximization of profit. Different
issues faced during the operation of plant.
Different strategies for the design of
chemical equipments including pumps,
compressors, tanks, vessels, heat
exchangers, towers and reactors.
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Reference Books
6
Chapter # 1: Introduction
Chapter # 2: General Design
Consideration
Chapter # 3: Process design
development
Chapter # 9: Optimum design
and design strategy
Chapter # 10: Material and
fabrication selection
Chapter # 14: Heat transfer
equipment design and costs
Chapter # 15: Separation
equipment design and costs
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Books

Chapter # 3: HAZOP Study
Chapter # 13: The Design
Report

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Books
Chapter # 7: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Design
Chapter # 19: Furnace design

PROCESS HEAT TANSFER
BY
DONALD Q. KERN
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Books
Chapter # 2: Heat
Exchanger
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Books
Chapter # 1: what is
pinch Technology
Chapter # 2: Heat
Exchanger Network
Design
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Books
Chapter # 11:
Separation Column
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Design

This course helps us in the
design of processes for
desired physical and/or
chemical transformation of
materials. plant design is
central to chemical
engineering and it can bring
together all of the
components of that field.
The design starts at a
conceptual level and
ultimately ends in the form
of fabrication and
construction plans.

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Contd
In order of increasing detail,
plant design documents
include:
Block Flow Diagrams
(BFD):
Process Flow Diagrams
(PFD's):
Piping and
Instrumentation
Diagrams (P&ID's):
Specifications:

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Contd
Design Considerations:
Designs have objectives and constraints, and even a simple process
requires a trade-off among such factors.
Objectives that a design may strive to include:
Throughput rate
Product purity
Constraints include:
Capital cost
Available space
Safety concerns
Environmental impact and projected effluents and emissions
Waste production
Operating and maintenance costs.

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Contd
Other factors that designers may include are:
Reliability
Redundancy
Flexibility
Anticipated variability in feedstock and allowable
variability in product.
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Sources of Design Information
Designers usually do not
start from scratch,
especially for complex
projects. Often the
engineers have pilot plant
data available or data
from full-scale operating
facilities. Other sources of
information include
proprietary design criteria
provided by process
licensors, published
scientific data, laboratory
experiments, and input.
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Control of existing plant
In process control,
information gathered
automatically from various
sensors or other devices in
the plant is used to control
various equipment for
running the plant, thereby
controlling operation of the
plant. A plant often has a
control room with displays
of parameters such as key
temperatures, pressures
etc.
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Environment Impact Assessment
(EIA)

This course will help us in
understanding the
Environment impact
assessment. In order to
carry out EIA the
procedural steps are ,
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Procedure for EIA

Deciding whether an EIA is required (Screening)
Determining the scope of EIA (Scoping)
Preparing of the impact statement (EIS)
Consultation , public participation
Evaluating EIA results and consultations
Reaching a decision
Monitoring impacts after project implementation

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Design of Heat Transfer Equipments
Heat Exchangers
Furnace
Boiler
Evaporator
Dryer

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Design of Mass Transfer Equipments
Distillation column
Stripper
Absorber
Desalter

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Optimization
optimization, or mathematical programming,
refers to choosing the best element from some set
of available alternatives.
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