Human Body Systems

Levels of Organization in
the Body
cell, organ, system, tissue
cells tissues organs system
 Levels of Organization in
the Body
 Cells
 Tissues
 Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
 Organs
 Examples include stomach, liver, heart
 Organ Systems
 Examples include digestive and circulatory systems
Tissues in the Human Body
 Epithelial
 Covering or lining tissue
 Connective Blood

 Joins, stores and supports

 Muscle
Muscle
 Internal and external movement
 Nerve
 Conducts electrical signals Nerve
 Human Body Systems
Skeletal Muscular
Circulatory Immune
Respiratory Digestive
Excretory Reproductive
Nervous Endocrine
Integumentary
 Human Skeletal System
 Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
 Support the Body
 Functions
 Framework and support
 Protection
 Storage
 Axial and appendicular skeleton
 Bone structure
Human Muscular System
 Move the body and organs

 Functions

 Movement, Warmth, Posture

 Muscle Properties

 Ability to contract

 Ability to be stretched

 Ability to respond to a stimulus

 Muscle Types

 Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Three Types of Human
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac
 Human Circulatory System
 Heart, blood vessels, blood
 Move O2, CO2, nutrients, and waste.
 Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, water, and hormones
and also distributes heat
 Structures of circulatory system
 Heart
Erythrocytes
 Vessels White blood cells

 Blood
 Lymphatic system
 Diagram of Human Heart
Aorta

Superior vena cava

Pulmonary artery

Left atrium
Right atrium
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve

Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

Anterior view
 Human Immune System
 White blood cells, lymph nodes
 Protect from Disease.
 Defense responses
 Skin and mucous membranes
 Inflammatory response
 Temperature
 Proteins
 White blood cells
 Human Respiratory
System
 Nose, throat, lungs
Exhalation
 O2 in, CO2 out
 Respiration is gas exchange between an
Inhalation
organism and the environment
 Respiratory structures include the nose,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
and alveoli
 Mechanics of Breathing
 Respiratory Diseases
Human Respiratory System
Diagram
Nasal Passage

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchioles

Alveoli Bronchus
 Human Digestive System
 Mouth, throat, stomach, intestines
 Absorb nutrients and minerals
 Digestion is the breakdown of nutrients to a level that can
be used by cells of the body.
 Structures
 GI tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine)
 Accessory (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall
bladder, pancreas)
Human Digestive System
Diagram
Mouth Pharynx

Esophagus

Liver Stomach
Large Intestine

Small Intestine
Villi
 Human Excretory System

 Skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, bladder

 Remove waste
 Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the body,
including toxic chemicals, excess water, carbon dioxide and
salts.
 Human Urinary System
Diagram

Nephron

Kidney
Kidney
Ureter

Urinary
Bladder

Urethra
 Human Reproductive
System
 Male / Female parts
 Produces gametes (eggs and sperm)
 Fertilization – produce zygote
 Male Reproductive System
 Testes, epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, seminal vesicle, prostate
gland, Cowper’s gland

 Female Reproductive System

 Ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
 Human Male Reproductive
System
Urinary bladder
Vas deferens
Prostate gland Seminal vesicle

Epididymus
Urethra

Penis

Testis
 Human Female
Reproductive System
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Urinary bladder
Vagina

Anterior View

Sagittal
View

Fallopian tube Uterus

Ovary Vagina
 Human Endocrine System
 Control growth / homeostasis
 The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that
produce hormones.
 Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid,
thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testes
 Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the
blood stream and affect activities throughout the body.
 Steroid hormones
 Nonsteroid hormones
Human Endocrine System
Diagram
Hypothalamus and
Pituitary gland

Thyroid and
Parathyroid glands
Thymus

Adrenal gland Pancreas

Ovary

Testis
 Human Nervous System
 Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body.
 Brain, spine, nerves
 Neurons are specialized cells that transmit impulses
throughout the body.
 Nervous System
 Central Nervous System
 Peripheral Nervous System
 Human Neuron Diagram

Dendrite Cell body

Myelin sheath
Axon Node of Ranvier
Axon
terminals
 Diagram of Human Brain
Cerebrum

Corpus
callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Midbrain
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla
oblongata
Spinal cord
 Human Integumentary
System
 Skin, hair, and nails, sweat/oil glands
 Protect body from the outside
 Skin
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Subcutaneous tissue
 Homeostasis:
 Stays the same
 Process of the body keeping internal physical and
chemical conditions the same despite internal or external
changes.
 Gains and losses must balance
 Control systems
 Receptor, control center, effector
 Feedback loops
 Negative feedback
 Positive feedback
 Quiz
Write “Body Systems Quiz 1”, date, and name.
What are the 4 levels of organization in the body? list in
order.
What are the 4 types of tissue in the body?
What are the 11 organ systems in the human body?
What is homeostasis? Give an example?
Bonus: What is the largest organ in the body?
 References

BioEd Online - http://www.bioedonline.org/