This document outlines the procedures for conducting emergency response exercises as required by regulations in India. It discusses the importance of exercises for testing emergency plans and ensuring personnel are prepared. The document provides details on the different types of exercises, including tabletop, functional and full-scale drills. It describes the specific protocols and activities for designing, conducting and evaluating an exercise, from establishing objectives to the post-exercise evaluation and follow up actions. Finally, it provides an example scenario for participants to role-play in a sample tabletop exercise on responding to an anhydrous ammonia leak.
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7&8-Comprehensive Approach to Testing of Emergency Plans
This document outlines the procedures for conducting emergency response exercises as required by regulations in India. It discusses the importance of exercises for testing emergency plans and ensuring personnel are prepared. The document provides details on the different types of exercises, including tabletop, functional and full-scale drills. It describes the specific protocols and activities for designing, conducting and evaluating an exercise, from establishing objectives to the post-exercise evaluation and follow up actions. Finally, it provides an example scenario for participants to role-play in a sample tabletop exercise on responding to an anhydrous ammonia leak.
This document outlines the procedures for conducting emergency response exercises as required by regulations in India. It discusses the importance of exercises for testing emergency plans and ensuring personnel are prepared. The document provides details on the different types of exercises, including tabletop, functional and full-scale drills. It describes the specific protocols and activities for designing, conducting and evaluating an exercise, from establishing objectives to the post-exercise evaluation and follow up actions. Finally, it provides an example scenario for participants to role-play in a sample tabletop exercise on responding to an anhydrous ammonia leak.
National Workshop on DISASTER MANAGEMENT Bengaluru, (10-12 March, 2010) Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (MSIHC Rules) Rule 13 (4) & 13(5) Obligation of the occupier to ensure that a mock drill of on-site emergency plan conducted every 6 months and detailed report sent to the concerned authority. Rule 14(4) Obligation on the Authority to ensure that a rehearsal of the off-site emergency plan conducted once a year.
Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness & Response) Rules, 1996. Rule 9 (2)(g) One of functions of DCG to conduct ONE full- scale of a chemical accident and send a report of strength & weakness of the plan to the SCG Rule 10 (2)(e) One of the functions of LCG to conduct ONE full- scale of a chemical accident and send a report to DCG. Why to conduct Exercises? Exercises necessary to ensure plan elements are still applicable & response personnel are aware of their roles in relation to the other responding agencies. A comprehensive programme of testing through drills is one of the best means for assessing emergency plans & procedures; promoting awareness of potential hazards. Why to conduct Exercises? Assess the Plan Effectiveness Train Staff & Assess Training Effectiveness Gain Recognition for the Emergency Management Program Legal and Contractual Obligation
Prepare for a real Emergency! Other Reasons for Exercises Reveal Planning Weaknesses Reveal Resource Gaps Improve Coordination Clarify Roles and Responsibilities Improve Individual Performance Assess Response Capabilities Where Exercises Fit in the Emergency Management Process Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery The Preparedness Cycle 1. Planning 2. Training 3. Testing Three Functions Planning, Training & Exercising Each one dependent on other two TYPES OF EXERCISES
PROTOCOL ACTIVITIES Preparatory Activities Conducting the Drill Post-Exercise Activities 1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.1 Establish a Design Team Multidisciplinary Responsible for Play Activities Also work as Evaluators Ensure design of the exercise to prevent injury to players or public & key Officials support the exercise.
1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.2 Decide Scale of Exercise Select the right type of Exercise Select Participants PLAYERS CONTROLLERS/FACILITATORS EVALUATORS OBSERVERS
1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.3 Select Exercise Objective conduct a needs assessment to identify areas not previously tested or need improvement based upon previous exercises. 1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.4 Exercise Scenario Development sequential, narrative account of a hypothetical accident provides catalyst for exercise & is intended to introduce situations to inspire responses, and thus allow testing of the exercise objectives. A realistic exercise scenario provides best opportunity to evaluate emergency plan, training, and overall preparedness to operate under emergency conditions.
1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.5 Exercise Evaluation Decide criteria or standards of performance based upon observable response measures which must be performed to meet each objective prior to conducting an exercise. It is more useful to get an objective- based rather than a subjective judgment based solely upon an evaluators opinion of how well an overall function was accomplished. 1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.5 Training & Exercising Shortly before the exercise, enhances a response organizations performance. Pre-exercise training might include communications training for all players involved in response activities so they can become familiar with equipment and proper protocol for exercises. 1. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES 1.5 Final Preparation Fine tune the scenario, stage and set-up the site and equipment, and finalize logistical and coordination aspects of the exercise.. 2. CONDUCTING THE DRILL 2.1 Orientation Seminar Shortly before the exercise Inform players of last-minute changes, Review roles, responsibilities, and objectives. Instruct players on the extent of exercise play expected from them during the exercise what can and cannot be simulated. Distribute badges to all exercise personnel.
2. CONDUCTING THE DRILL 2.2 Actual Conduct of an Exercise Keep exercise on track & objectives tested. Present exercise-initiating narrative; Announce first event of scenario Stimulate players responses without intervening in a way that assumes control of the play Manage flow and pace of the exercise by introducing the remaining events in sequence through the use of control messages. Keep exercise on schedule and terminate play at the specified end-time. It is best to let the exercise play develop naturally,
POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES Evaluation Process De-Briefing Follow-up 3. POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES 3.1 Evaluation Process What is it ? systematic examination of effectiveness Provides justification for improving plan or additional training On-going activities
Address each Exercise Objective : Was it met ? If yes, what were the results ? If No, what changes are necessary ? 3. POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES Exercise Evaluation should answer Are additional resources reqd. ? Are parts of the plan in need of revision ? Is additional training required ? Are staffing levels adequate ? Is communication system vulnerable to overload ? Can first response units communicate with one another ?
3. POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES 3.2 De-Briefing Facts & Findings presented, compared and discussed. Questionnaire may be useful Recommend Corrective actions Schedule follow up
3. POST-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES 3.3 Follow up Documentation of Recommendations, Implementers and probable dates of completion Record of follow up
LET US PLAY A TABLE-TOP EXERCISE
There are 2 actions areas in front of the room. One is on- scene and the other is the Emergency Response Center (ERC). Participants will enter the scenario by approaching and taking their place in the appropriate action area.
The participants will fully describe the actions they would take in a response. Discussion of options is encouraged. The actor should clearly and audibly so that all participants can hear the information being presented.
When an actor is nor required on scene or at the ERC, he must return to the observation section. No direct communication should take place between the observation section and the action areas. 2/- GROUND RULES
A recorder makes notes on the corresponding event sheet of all discussion and action for later review.
The facilitator may call a time-out in the exercise if technical advice or new information is needed to ensure that the simulation is realistic.
When anticipated responses are crucial to the purpose of the exercise, the facilitator may intervene to ensure that those responses are presented.
All questions should be directed to the speaker. No comments beyond the direct action taking place should be made during the exercise. General comments by observers should be made during the evaluation period at the conclusion of the exercise.
3/- TABLE TOP EXERCISE GROUND RULES (Contd.)
GROUND RULES (Contd) CHEMICAL INCIDENT SCENARIO A tanker unloading anhydrous ammonia at a bulk storage tank farm at Ice Cream International has backed over the transfer line valve, shearing the transfer pipe and initiating a massive release of ammonia. A large vapour cloud develops as the pressurised liquid rapidly expands and escapes into the atmosphere.
The driver of the truck attempts to reach his emergency shut- off valve but is overcome by the vapour cloud and collapses before reaching the valve. The attendant at the transfer station sees the accident and activates an on-site alarm. The attendant, struggling to remain conscious, contacts the on- site operations center, briefly describes the accident, and then collapses.
The cloud is moving! INCIDENT INFORMATION Wind speed : 8 to 10 kilometers per hour Wind direction : From the Southeast Stability Class : B Amount of Source : 300 gallons (1135.5 liters) per minute Temperature : 31 o C Distance to adjacent Plastics Facility : 700 meters Distance to nearest residential area : 300 meters from fence.
OBJECTIVES OF THE TABLE-TOP EXERCISE 1. To Test On-site Emergency Notification System of Ice Cream International
2. To Test the Preparedness level and knowledge of sequence of operations to be adopted in emergency situation
LIST OF ACTORS
A. At the Ice Cream International 1. Truck Driver 2. Transfer Station Assistant 3. Emergency Control Centre Person 4. Ice Cream International Plant Manager (Works Incident Controller) 5. Chief Manager (Works Main Controller) 6. Technical Group Leader (With Technical Personnel) 7. Factory Medical Officer 8. Rescue Group Leader (With Rescue Team)
LIST OF ACTORS (Contd)
B. External Personnel 1. Civic Fire Chief (with Firemen) 2. In-Charge Local Police Station 3. In-Charge Local Factory Inspectorate 4. District Collector 5. On-site Emergency Response Centre Person 6. Civic Hospital Chief 7. Civil Defence Officer 8. Off-site Emergency Control Centre Person
PARTICIPANT INSTRUCTIONS Each actor responds to messages initiated from the scene or the ERC. As each response organisation is contacted, its representative will enter either On-Scene or ERC and state the organisations communication or question. ERC represents all office locations away from the accident, so it may become the fire station, hospital, police station, or other centre, as required by the scenario. Communications must be performed realistically & directly to the individual involved, as if over a phone or radio. All conditions must be described as in a real incident. The off-site actors cannot see the events in the classroom. The chain of communication should be maintained as much as possible as it would be in an actual response incident. If one person must contact several people, all those contacts should be made before the next series of contacts is made.