The document discusses testing of hypotheses in business research. It introduces the four components that influence conclusions from hypothesis testing: sample size, effect size, alpha level, and power. It defines the different types of hypotheses (null and alternative), and the two types of errors (Type I and Type II) that can occur. It also covers probability distributions, the normal distribution, and how to perform two-tailed and one-tailed hypothesis tests on proportions. Examples of hypothesis tests on sample means and proportions are provided.
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The document discusses testing of hypotheses in business research. It introduces the four components that influence conclusions from hypothesis testing: sample size, effect size, alpha level, and power. It defines the different types of hypotheses (null and alternative), and the two types of errors (Type I and Type II) that can occur. It also covers probability distributions, the normal distribution, and how to perform two-tailed and one-tailed hypothesis tests on proportions. Examples of hypothesis tests on sample means and proportions are provided.
The document discusses testing of hypotheses in business research. It introduces the four components that influence conclusions from hypothesis testing: sample size, effect size, alpha level, and power. It defines the different types of hypotheses (null and alternative), and the two types of errors (Type I and Type II) that can occur. It also covers probability distributions, the normal distribution, and how to perform two-tailed and one-tailed hypothesis tests on proportions. Examples of hypothesis tests on sample means and proportions are provided.
The document discusses testing of hypotheses in business research. It introduces the four components that influence conclusions from hypothesis testing: sample size, effect size, alpha level, and power. It defines the different types of hypotheses (null and alternative), and the two types of errors (Type I and Type II) that can occur. It also covers probability distributions, the normal distribution, and how to perform two-tailed and one-tailed hypothesis tests on proportions. Examples of hypothesis tests on sample means and proportions are provided.
Testing of Hypothesis 1 Introduction There are four interrelated components that influence the conclusion Sample size Effect size or the salience of the treatment relative to the noise in measurement Alpha level or a significance level Power or the odd that you will observe a treatment effect when it occurs Given values for any three of these components, it is possible to compute the value of the fourth Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 2 Testing of Hypothesis A statement of prediction is called hypothesis We have two types of hypothesis Null Hypothesis (H 0 ) Alternate Hypothesis (H 1 ) Null Hypothesis usually refers to the no difference or no effect case Usually in management research we expect that our treatments and programs will make a difference So, typically, our theory is described in the alternative hypothesis or significance level is chance you can take while confidence level () is power behind your statement. = 1 e.g. if one can take a chance of 5%for his statement; it means he is 95% confident to his statement
Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 3 Type I and Type II Error Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 4 Two types of error can be expected when we accept of reject the hypothesis Type I Error: When we reject the Null Hypothesis when it is true Type II Error When we accept the Null Hypothesis when it is false Probability Distribution and Normal Distribution in Testing of Hypothesis Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 5 Probability distribution is classified in two Discrete It allows to take only a limited number of values Continuous The variable under consideration is allowed to take any value within a given range A value of, x, from a normal distribution specified by a mean m and a standard deviation s can be converted to a corresponding value of z, in a standard normal distribution with the transformation z = X- /s Testing of Hypothesis Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 6 Two Tail Test One Tail Test Hypothesis Testing of Proportion Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 7 In case of qualitative phenomena, we have data on the basis of presence of absence of an attribute (s) With such data the sampling distribution may take the form of binomial probability distribution whose mean would be equal to n*p and standard deviation equal to npq Means proportion of success = np Standard deviation of the proportion of success = pq/n Z = p q / s Questions Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 8 A sample of 400 male students is found to have a mean height of 67.47 inches. Can it be reasonably regarded as a sample from a large population with mean height 67.39 inches and standard deviation 1.30 inches? Test at 5% level of significance.
Raju restaurant near the railway station at Falna has been having average sales of 500 tea cups per day. Because of the development of bus stand nearby, it expects to increase its sales. During the first 12 days after the start of the bus stand, the daily sales were as under:
On the basis of this sample information, can one conclude that Raju Restaurants sales have increased? Use 5% level of significance. Business Research Methods Testing of Hypothesis 9
Navigating The Digital Realm: Unravelling Information Literacy Within Moroccan English Department Students - A Spotlight On Selecting Finding Tool Features