Naveen Patel

Naveen Patel
E0
192.168.3.1
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
BANGLORE OFFICE
E0
192.168.1.1
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
HYDERABAD OFFICE
E0
192.168.2.1
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
CHENNAI OFFICE
HYD
CHE
BAN
Naveen Patel
Frame Relay Stack
OSI Reference Model Frame Relay
Physical
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Application
EIA/TIA-232,
EIA/TIA-449, V.35,
X.21, EIA/TIA-530
Frame Relay
IP/IPX/AppleTalk, etc.
Naveen Patel
Frame Relay is a data link layer
packet-switching protocol that uses digital circuits.
It is used for medium to longer distances and for
longer connectivity.
Leased lines also provide longer connectivity but a
physical circuit is used to make connection between
2 sites and the same circuit path is used always.
Frame Relay
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Frame Relay topologies
Full Mesh
Partial Mesh
Hub & Spoke
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VCs overcome the scalability problems of
leased lines by providing multiple logical circuits over the
same physical connection.
Only one serial interface of a router is needed to handle
the VC connections to multiple sites Whereas using
leased lines multiple serial interfaces are needed to
connect to multiple sites.
VCs provide full connectivity at a much lower price
compared to leased lines.
Frame Relay connections use logical circuits to make
connections between 2 sites. These logical circuits are
referred to as Virtual Circuits (VCs).
Multiple VCs can exist on the same physical connection.
VCs are Full duplex
Advantages of Frame Relay
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Sub-interfaces
Uses Shared bandwidth
Local Management interface(LMI):
used between the Frame relay DTE(eg.Router) and the
Frame Relay DCE(eg. Frame Relay switch)
Defines how the DTE interacts with the DCE
Locally significant
Provides VCs status information(a keep-alive
mechanism)
LMI standards : Cisco, ANSI, Q933a
The DTE and DCE must have the same LMI signaling type
Frame Relay Terminology
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Data Link Connection Identifier(DLCI) :
used to identify each VC on a physical interface
(i.e.) Each VC has a unique local address called a DLCI
number.
switch will map to the destination depending on the
DLCI number
Inverse ARP is used to map DLCIs to next hop
addresses.
Mapping can also be done manually.
Its Locally significant.
These numbers are given by the Frame relay service
providers, Service providers assign DLCIs in the
range of 16 to 1007.
Frame Relay Terminology
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Status Enquiry Status Enquiry
Local DLCI 100 = Active
Local DLCI 400 = Active
Hello, I am 172.168.2.1
Hello, I am 172.168.2.2
FRAME RELAY MAP
172.168.2.2 DLCI 400 ACTIVE
FRAME RELAY MAP
172.168.2.1 DLCI 100 ACTIVE
Hello, I am 172.168.2.1
Keep Alive Keep Alive
DLCI 100
DLCI 400
LMI and inverse ARP
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Virtual circuits are of two types:
Permanent Virtual Circuits PVCs
Switched Virtual Circuits SVCs
Permanent Virtual Circuit :
similar to a dedicated leased line , permanent
connection.
used when constant data is being generated.
Switched Virtual Circuit :
also called as Semi-permanent virtual circuit
similar to a circuit switched connection where the
VC is dynamically built and then torn down once the
data has been sent.
used when data has to be sent in small amounts
and at periodic intervals.
Frame Relay Terminology
Naveen Patel
Committed Information Rate(CIR) :
Average data rate measured over a fixed period
of time that the carrier guarantees for a VC.
committed bandwidth
Burst Rate(BR) :
Average data rate provider guarantees for a VC.
Excess bandwidth
Frame Relay Terminology
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Frame Relay Traffic Flow
Terminology (Cont.)
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FECN and BECN :
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification
When congestion occurs switch marks the FECN and
BECN bits in the frame header.
FECN is sent to the destination
BECN is sent to the source
Thereby notifying both source and destination
about the congestion.
FECN = 0 and BECN =0 implies no congestion.
Frame Relay Terminology
Naveen Patel
Frame-Relay - Network Diagram
E0
192.168.1.1/24
HYD
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
E0
192.168.2.1/24
CHE
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
E0
192.168.3.1/24
BAN
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
10.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
11.0.0.2/8
DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200
FRAME-RELAY
SWICH
S1
10.0.0.2/8
11.0.0.1/8
S0
HYD
CHE BAN
Naveen Patel
Frame-Relay - Network Diagram
E0
192.168.1.1/24
HYD
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
E0
192.168.2.1/24
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
E0
192.168.3.1/24
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
10.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200
FRAME-RELAY
SWICH
HYD
CHE BAN
Naveen Patel
Manual Mapping
Router(config)#interface <int-type> <int-no>
Router(config-if)#frame-relay map ip <next hop ip address> <local
DLCI No> broadcast
Sub-interface configuration

Router(config)#interface <int-type> <int-no>.<sub-int no>

Naveen Patel
frame-relay interface-dlci 100 Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
telnet 192.168.1.1
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :
****
****
enable
configure terminal
interface serial 0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no shut
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
Hyderabad>
password :
Hyderabad#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting .....
exit
Hyderabad(config)#
Configuring Serial interface
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>
Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>
Naveen Patel
frame-relay interface-dlci 200 Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
================================
Welcome to Banglore Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :
****
****
enable
configure terminal
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
no shut
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
Banglore>
password :
Banglore#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Banglore(config)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting .....
telnet 192.168.3.1
interface serial 1
exit
Banglore(config)#
Configuring Serial interface
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>
Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>
Naveen Patel
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :
****
****
enable
configure terminal
no ip address
no shut
encapsulation frame-relay
clockrate 64000
Chennai>
password :
Chennai#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting .....
Chennai(config-if)#
telnet 192.168.2.1
interface serial 1
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 100 interface serial 0 200
Chennai(config)#
frame-relay switching
Configuring Frame-relay Switch
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>
Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
Router(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>
interface <int type> <int. no>
<Destination dlci no>
Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch
Router(config)#frame-relay switching
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Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
no ip address
no shut
encapsulation frame-relay
clockrate 64000
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
interface serial 0
frame-relay lmi-type cisco
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 200 interface serial 1 100
Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Configuring Frame-relay Switch
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Router(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>
Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
Router(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>
interface <int type> <int. no>
<Destination dlci no>
Naveen Patel
show frame-relay pvc Hyderabad#
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0
input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0
out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60
pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20
Hyderabad#
PVC STATUS = ACTIVE
Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are
fine.
Naveen Patel
show frame-relay pvc Hyderabad#
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = INACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0
input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0
out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60
pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20
Hyderabad#
PVC STATUS = INACTIVE
Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with
Remote LMI
Naveen Patel
show frame-relay pvc Hyderabad#
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = DELETED,INTERFACE = Serial0
input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0
out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60
pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20
Hyderabad#
PVC STATUS = DELETED
Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with
Local LMI
Naveen Patel
show frame-relay pvc Banglore#
PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1
input pkts 8 output pkts 7 in bytes 570
out bytes 586 dropped pkts 2 in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 7 out bcast bytes 586
pvc create time 00:12:26, last time pvc status changed 00:02:06
Banglore#

Naveen Patel
show frame-relay pvc Chennai#
PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DCE)
DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0
input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0
out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0
pvc create time 00:02:07, last time pvc status changed 00:00:56
Num Pkts Switched 0

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DCE)
DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1
input pkts 4 output pkts 3 in bytes 186
out bytes 202 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0
in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0
in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0
out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0
pvc create time 00:02:21, last time pvc status changed 00:01:04
Num Pkts Switched 4
Chennai#

Naveen Patel
show frame-relay map Hyderabad#
Serial0 (up): ip 10.0.0.2, dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic,
broadcast, status defined, active
Hyderabad#
Naveen Patel
show frame-relay map Banglore#
Serial1 (up): ip 10.0.0.1, dlci 200(0xC8,0x3080), dynamic,
broadcast, status defined, active
Banglore#

Naveen Patel
show frame-relay route Chennai#
Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status
Serial0 200 Serial1 100 active
Serial1 100 Serial0 200 active
Chennai#

Naveen Patel
Hyderabad(config)#
router rip
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
no ip routing Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
ip routing
show ip route Hyderabad#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0
Hyderabad#

^
Z
Configuring RIP
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
ping 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
!!!!!
Naveen Patel
Banglore(config)#
router rip
Banglore(config-router)#
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
Banglore(config-router)#
no ip routing Banglore(config)#
Banglore(config)#
ip routing
show ip route Banglore#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Banglore#

^
Z
network 10.0.0.0
Configuring RIP
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
ping 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
!!!!!