Burj Al-Arab Torre Caja Madrid

1.0_Introduction 2.0_Environmental Approaches + Details 3.0_Building Configuration 4.0_Construction Process 6.0_Conclusion 5.
0_Details and Special Features

BURJ AL-ARAB TORRE CAJA MADRID
1.0_Introduction 2.0_Environmental Approaches + Details 3.0_Building Configuration 4.0_Construction Process 6.0_Conclusion 5.0_Details and Special Features
BURJ AL-ARAB
Tom Wright Architect RIBA .
(formerly Tom Wills-Wright)

The architect and designer of the Burj al Arab in
Dubai, UAE.

The felt pen illustration was an early development
sketch of the hotel drawn by Wright .

The brief to the architect was to create an icon for
Dubai, a building that would become synonymous
with the place, as Sydney has its opera house and
Paris the Eiffel Tower so Dubai was to have the Burj
al Arab.

Tom Wright lived in Dubai during the design and
construction of the project, working as the project
Design Director for Atkins , one of the worlds leading
multi discipline design consultancies.

Tom Wright is British, born in Croydon a suburb of
London on 18th September 1957.

Educated at the Royal Russell School and then
Kingston Polytechnic school of Architecture.

Wright became a member of the Royal institute of
British Architects in 1983 and has been in practice
ever since.
THE ARCHITECT
BURJ AL-ARAB
Name : Burj Al Arab
Location : Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Status : Complete
Constructed : 19931999
Use : Hotel, Restaurant
Construction
type : Skyscraper
Cost : US$ 700 million
Structural
material : Steel, Concrete
Antenna or
spire : 321 m (1,050 ft)
Roof : 210 m (690 ft)
Top floor : 200 m (660 ft)
Floor count : 60
Floor area : 111,500 m
2

(1,200,000 sq ft)
Elevators : 18
No. of
rooms : 202
Features and
amenities : Helipad is available
: National landmark
: One of the citys famous
building
Burj Al Arab - the world's third
tallest hotel.
The Burj Al Arab - Tower of
the Arabs , also known as
"Arab Sail.
A luxury hotel located in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
At 321 m (1,050 ft), it is the
third tallest building in the
world used exclusively as a
hotel.
Stands on an artificial
island 280 m (920 ft) out from
Jumeirah beach.
Connected to the mainland
by a private curving bridge.
It is an iconic structure,
designed to symbolize
Dubai's urban transformation
and to mimic the sail of a
boat.
Located on an island of
reclaimed land offshore of the
beach of the former Chicago
Beach Hotel.
Dubai's iconic building is a
construction of superlatives.
The world's only 7-Star
hotel - although its formal
rating is 5 Star Deluxe, the
highest the international
rating system offers.
INTRODUCTION
BURJ AL-ARAB
How the idea was born

The instruction from the client (the
Crown Prince of Dubai) was to design,
not just a hotel, but also a signature
building; one that would announce,
"Welcome to Dubai".

The client wanted a dramatic
statement with imagery that would
immediately conjure up images of the
city.

The reason of Burj al Arab building
look like a giant sail- Dubai is
becoming a world resort location, so
the building had to say holiday, fun and
sophistication all things associated
with yachting. This mixed with Dubai's
nautical heritage it seemed an
appropriate shape.

The building is built on sand, which
is unusual as most tall building are
founded on rock. The Burj al Arab is
supported on 250, 1.5M diameter
columns that go 45 meters under the
sea. As there is only sand to hold the
building up the columns rely on friction.
DESIGN CONCEPT
BURJ AL-ARAB
The Burj al Arab Island
Number of piles: 230
Length of piles: 45m
Diameter of piles 1.5m
Depth of lowest basement under sea is 7m below sea level.

Heights
Height of atrium: 182m
Height of helipad from sea: 212M
Height of top of accommodation from island: 190m
Height of top of mast from island :321m

Dimensions
Distance of shore to the outer point of island: 450m
Size of island: 150m per side
Sea depth: 7.5m
Length of biggest truss: 85m
Weight of biggest truss: 165t
Cantilever of sky view restaurant: 27m & 1.7m deep
Size of sky view restaurant: 1000 sq m
Weight of helicopter that can land on the pad: 7.5 tonnes
Maximum sway at top of accommodation: 300mm
Total volume of concrete on the island: 33,000 sq m
Total volume of concrete in the superstructure: 36,000 sq m
Total tonnage of steel: 9200 tonnes
Gross area of building: 120,000 sq m
28 double height floors (7m floor to floor height)
Height of atrium: 180.5m with volume of: 285,000m3
Length of mast: 60m
Fabric area: 8700 sq m x 2 Thickness: 1mm with 50cm air gap
VITAL STATISTIC
BURJ AL-ARAB
The first cranes of the Cuatro Torres Business
Area complex were erected at this building despite
Torres Espacio having been started before.
The first construction cranes were erected on
October 8, 2004.
When works started, four test facades were
installed to find the best solution for the final faade
design.
Steel structure of the building weights 11,000
tonnes.
The entrance lobby is 13.85 meters high.
The building has two concrete cores with
panoramic elevators. These cores support all the
weight of the building, with each column-free floor
framed in steel.
This is the tallest building in Spain, rising over
Torre de Cristal by just 89 centimeters.
FACTS
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
2.0_Environmental Approaches + Details 3.0_Building Configuration 4.0_Construction Process 6.0_Conclusion 5.0_Details and Special Features

Definitely not for Space Savings. But
Purely the need
for Country Land Marks and to prove that
their
countries are up to the Standards.
Facts& Figures
In fact land is BOTH available and Cheap in most Modern
Cities in the Middle East. city for this reason are encouraging
Horizontal Construction
In The last decade things started changing. bay Countries
in particular Started encouraging such Buildings.
Why the Sudden Change ?
BURJ AL-ARAB
2.0_Environmental Approaches
Designed to symbolize Dubai's urban transformation and to
mimic the sail of a boat.
Several features of the hotel required complex
engineering feats to achieve. The hotel rests on an
artificial island constructed 280 m (920 ft) offshore. To
secure a foundation, the builders drove 230 forty-metre (130
ft) long concrete piles into the sand.

Engineers created a surface layer of large rocks, which
is circled with a concrete honeycomb pattern, which
serves to protect the foundation from erosion.

It took three years to reclaim the land from the sea, but
less than three years to construct the building itself. The
building contains over 70,000 m
3
(92,000 cu yd) of concrete
and 9,000 tonnes of steel.

Inside the building, the atrium is 180 m (590 ft) tall.

Burj Al Arab is the world's second tallest hotel (not
including buildings with mixed use). The structure of the
Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang North Korea, is 9 m (30 ft)
taller than the Burj Al Arab, and the Rose Tower also in
Dubai, topped Burj Al Arab's height at 333 m (1,090 ft),
becoming the world's tallest hotel.
BURJ AL-ARAB
The Burj Al Arab has attracted criticism as well as praise, described
as :
"a contradiction of sorts, considering how well-designed and impressive the
construction ultimately proves to be." The contradiction here seems to be related to the
hotels extreme luxury. "This extraordinary investment in state-of-the-art construction
technology stretches the limits of the ambitious urban imagination in an exercise that is
largely due to the power of excessive wealth."
"both the hotel and the city, after all, are monuments to the
achievement of money over practicality. Both elevate style over
body."
"Emulating the quality of impressive interiors, in an
expression of wealth for the mainstream, a theater of opulence is
created in Burj Al Arab The result is a baroque (decorative)
effect".
Sam Wollaston writing in The Guardian described the hotel as
"...fabulous, hideous, and the very top of ostentation - like
Vegas
BURJ AL-ARAB
The Tower Hotel is provided with the following life safety systems:
1) Fire Detection & Alarm System including a fire telephone system.
2) PAVA System.
3) Fire Protection System (Sprinklers, Hose Reels, FM-200)
4) Staircase Pressurisation.
5) Smoke Extract System.
Commercial Hotels (MEP) C-16-F
ISO 9001: 2000,ISO14001: 2004,OHSAS 18001: 1999 Registered
1) Essential electrical power (Main 11KV Generators)
for main distribution board MDB-E1 and E2.
2) 1500 KVA, 380V, 50Hz Local Generator.
3) Central Battery Emergency Lighting System.
4) Foul / Water pumping stations.
5) UPS Systems.
6) Aviation Obstruction Lighting System.
7) LPG Detection System
The Tower Hotel is provided with the following special features
under the package 1305:
1) Atrium Water Features Internal.
2) Cascade Water Feature Internal.
3) Upper Atrium Show Lighting .
4) Lower Atrium Show Lighting .
5) Fire Wire Lighting System.
6) External Show Lighting.
7) Sky Tracker Lighting.
8) Ellipse Water / Fire - External.
9) Fire Towers External
10) Image projectors External.
BURJ AL-ARAB
At 14000 channels it is the largest architectural lighting control system ever made
(Futronix). Each suite has one or more PFX-32 dimming control systems, which operate the
lighting in every room. The largest suites have five systems giving a total of 160 channels of
lighting. As if the interior lighting schemes were not enough, each suite is also
equipped with digital surround sound, multimedia enhanced 42 plasma television,
internet access, touch-screen video and teleconferencing, fax machine, photocopier, data
port and to top it all off, automated curtains (Burj Al Arab
BURJ AL-ARAB
BURJ AL-ARAB
Wind Effects Dubais

geographic location subjects the hotel to severe weather
conditions including strong winds and occasional violent
thunderstorms. (Halford & Walters 2000, 43) Due to the
structures proximity to its adjacent hotel resort, wind tunnel
testing was considered to ensure a safe design. Based
on the guidance issued by the UKs Building Research
Establishment (BRE) and an analysis of 18 years of wind
data from nearby Dubai International Airport, a 50 year
return period windspeed of 45 meters per second, under
the recommendations of Dubai Municipality, was
adopted for the design
Seismic Impact Dubai

itself is not located in an earthquake
intensive zone. However, southern Iran which
is only 100 miles away to the north is
subjected to moderate earthquake risk and in
turn which could create tremors in Dubai if a
seismic event were to occur in Iran (Halford &
Walters 2000, 44). According to Building
Research Establishment (BRE) specifications,
it is strongly recommended that buildings
constructed in this region are to be designed to
resist earthquake of MM VII intensity.
Therefore, a seismic zone factor of 0.20g was
considered for the detailed design phase
(Halford & Walters 2000, 44). To further
reinforce the structure from any potential
swaying, two tuned mass dampers,
weighing about 2 tonnes each, limit
vibrations in the tubular steel mast that
projects 60 m above the building (Reina, n.d
).
BURJ AL-ARAB
Orientation
To counter the wind movement
through day and night
Wind pressure more high from
the sea

Tune Mass Stamper
To counter the movement of the building and
structure due to the vortex force and seismic
movement
Total of 11 four tone Tune Mass Stamper fixed
along the exoskeleton structure.

BURJ AL-ARAB
BURJ AL-ARAB
The hotel rests on an artificial island constructed
280 metres offthe Dubai shore and 450m to its
furthest point.

To make the foundation secure, its builders drove
230 40 metre long concrete piles into the sand.

The foundation is held in place by the friction of
the sand and the silt along the length of the piles.
The surface of the island was created using large
rocks which were circled with a concrete honey-
comb pattern armour which serves to protect the
foundations from erosion.

Of the hotel's total five year construction period,
it took 3 years to complete the island.
BURJ AL-ARAB
4.0_Construction Process _ Artificial Island
Temporary tube piles driven into sea bed
Temporary sheet piles and tie rods driven into sea bed to support boundary rocks

BURJ AL-ARAB
Permanent boundary rock bunds deposited either side of sheet piles
Hydraulic fill layers deposited between bunds to displace sea water and form island

BURJ AL-ARAB
Permanent concrete armour units placed around island to protect it from the waves
2m diameter 43m deep piles driven through island and sea bed below to stabilize structure
BURJ AL-ARAB
Island interior excavated and temporary sheet pile coffer dam inserted
2m thick concrete plug slab laid at base of island
Reinforced concrete retaining wall built
Basement floors created
BURJ AL-ARAB
4.0_Construction Process _ Concrete works
V shape concrete tower

Two "wings" spread in a V to form a vast "mast", while
the space between them is enclosed in a massive atrium.

Reinforced concrete tower
BURJ AL-ARAB
Prefabricated Concrete
4.0_Construction Process _ Concrete works
BURJ AL-ARAB
The front (shore-facing) facade is constructed of two
tiers of huge, steel 'X' trusses.
Together the reinforced concrete and the exoskeleton act
as a composite and provide the structure horizontal
stability in all directions
4.0_Construction Process _ Steel Bracing (Inner Reinforced Concrete V)
BURJ AL-ARAB
4.0_Construction Process _ Steel Bracing (Inner Reinforced Concrete V)
BURJ AL-ARAB
A steel exoskeleton wrapped around a reinforced concrete
tower.

2 main structure :
i. diagonal truss
ii. Yacht structure

The assembled segment were lifted and erected in
position using the tower cranes from ground floor to top.

4.0_Construction Process _ Steel Exoskeleton
BURJ AL-ARAB
i.
4.0_Construction Process _ Diagonal Truss
BURJ AL-ARAB
4.0_Construction Process _ Yacht structure
BURJ AL-ARAB
4.0_Construction Process _ Sky view restaurant
BURJ AL-ARAB
The tallest atrium lobby in the world, at 180 meters (590 ft).

The atrium dominates the interior of the hotel, and takes up
over one-third of interior space.

Prefabricated concrete
4.0_Construction Process _ Interior
BURJ AL-ARAB
The space between
the wings is enclosed
by a Teflon-coated
fiberglass sail, curving
across the front of the
building and creating
an atrium inside.
4.0_Construction Process _ Fiberglass fabric
BURJ AL-ARAB
BURJ AL-ARAB
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Artificial Island
Artificial Island During Construction Phase
The building itself stands on a foundation of 250 tubular
piles with a diameter of 1500mm driven into the sea
soil. The foundations exterior comprises of
conventional rock bunds coated with a layer of white
cement concrete and hydraulically filled with sand. The
surface of this armor system is covered by many shed
units of white cement concrete to reduce tide impact
and to facilitate water drainage. The construction of the
concrete island was completed in March 1996.
The island took 3 years to construct as compared to the building
itself which only look less than 3 years.

The architect rejected the idea of using natural rock blocks
because it makes the artificial island higher and wider as the
architects want the island to be lowest as possible. Therefore
conventional honey comb concrete block is introduced.
Interior View of Fabric Fiberglass Wall
The huge Teflon to resemble a huge sail

For the hotel to feature the largest atrium
of 200m high, the largest Teflon glass
fiber fabric available is used

It is composed of two layers of PTFE
coated fibreglass fabric, tensioned
between the steel trusses which span
50m between the accommodation wings
stair cores at the double story height
intervals

During the day, the fibreglass fabric acts
by filtering intense sunlight and diffusing
it into the atrium space to allow natural
lighting within the building

During the evening, the fabric wall
equipped with a MAC 500 lighting system,
functions as a projection screen for light
performances of high quality patterns to
impress the in-house guests.
BURJ AL-ARAB
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Fiber Glass Teflon
Exoskeleton_A term to describe the cross-braced frame; a building
technique used to provide a structure support and prevent sliding.
Pair of diagonal steel trusses rising 273 m above ground
provide the structure horizontal stability in all directions
each steel truss weighs 165 ton each and total weight is about 2,800 tons

BURJ AL-ARAB
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Exoskeleton Structure
Video of connection pin
Rear Brace Frame
This brace ties both the cores together
to give stability to the structure.
The shape of the Rear Brace is similar
to X are erected in segments
Horizontal
The horizontal weighting about 200 tons
connects the core wall to the
exoskeleton rear leg
Diagonals
The Diagonal connects with a 300mm diameter
pin connection to the core-wall and the Rear-
leg structure
Mast
Oval shape of 2.5m x 5m at the
bottom and gradually decreases to 2.5 x
2m at top
Exoskeleton Rear leg
The exoskeleton is made up of two legs on both
sides of the building starting from the ground
level to 273 meters and connected to the front
legs
BURJ AL-ARAB
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Exoskeleton Structure
A 24 meter (79 feet) wide helipad projects
from the building 210 meters above the ground.
Burj Al Arab is the world's tallest structure with
a membrane facade.
This is the tallest operating hotel building in
the world.
The building's external lighting schemes, from
white light to a multicolored one, change from one to
another every 30 minutes expressing the evening's
progress.
The diagonal trusses on the side of the Burj al
Arab building are as long as a football pitch and
weigh as much as 20 double-decker busses.
They were built 15 KM from the site and brought by
road on huge 80 wheel lorries which had to be
specially imported from South Africa. The highest
truss took a day to lift into place.
If one man was to build the building himself it would
take about 8,000 years to finish.
FACTS
BURJ AL-ARAB
The building's design is
influenced by the profile of an
Arabian sailing ship.

The Al Muntaha restaurant
is located 200 metres above the
Persian Gulf, offering great views
of Dubai. It is accessed by a
panoramic elevator.

The atrium is 180 metres
high, one of the tallest in the
world.

The hotel features a total of
eight restaurants and bars.

All of the hotel's 202 rooms
are two-storey suites, ranging in
size from 170 square metres
(1,830 square feet) to 780
square metres (8,396 square
feet).
FACTS
BURJ AL-ARAB
TORRE CAJA MADRID
THE ARCHITECT
Designer : Foster & Partners
Norman Foster is one of the world's most famous and influential
contemporary architects.

The practice has won over 440 awards for excellence and has won in excess of
70 national and international competitions.

In 1999, he garnered the accolade of 21st Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate.

The practice has works on permanent display in London's Victoria & Albert
Museum, New York's Museum of Modern Art and Paris' Pompidou Centre.

Norman Foster was the recipient of the Premium Imperial for architecture,
2002.

In June 2006, Norman Foster was awarded the British-German Association
Medal of Honour for services to Anglo-German relations.

Foster + Partners is the world's only architectural practice to have won the
Emporis Skyscraper Award on two occasions: London's 30 St. Mary Axe in 2003
and New York City's Hearst Tower in 2006.
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
Name : Torre Caja Madrid
Location : Madrid, Spain
Status : Complete
Constructed : 2002 - 2008
Use : Commercial , Office
Construction type : Skyscraper
Cost : 815 million Euro
Structural material : Glass, Steel, Concrete,
Reinforced
Height : 249.89 m
Faade material : Aluminum, glass
Faade system : Curtain wall
Floor count
(above ground) : 45
(below ground) : 5
Floor area : 110,000 sq m
Climate : Warm temperature
Architectural style : High tech
INTRODUCTION
Torre Caja Madrid - Spanish: Caja Madrid Tower
Skyscraper located in the Cuatro Torres Business Area in
Madrid, Spain.
The tallest of the four buildings in the Cuatro Torres
Business Area complex, surpassing Torre de Cristal by less
than a metre.
First known as Torre Repsol and would have served as
headquarters for Repsol YPF oil and gas company.
During the construction of the tower, Repsol decided to
change the location of its future headquarters and the financial
institution Caja Madrid purchased the building for 815 million
in August 2007.
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
Caja Madrid Tower is a great building in
Spain. This new headquarters building for
Caja Madrid the largest bank in Spain
continues investigations into the flexible
workplace that can be traced through a family
of recent office towers, most notably for
Swiss Re and Commerzbank. This degree of
flexibility results in part from pushing the
service cores to the edges of the plan a
strategy first used in the design of the
Hongkong Bank to create uninterrupted
1200-square-meters floor plates.
ABOUT THE BUILDING
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
ABOUT THE BUILDING
At ground level, a 22-meter glazed atrium
provides the transition from the street, and
accommodates a floating glass-walled
auditorium set into a mezzanine.

At the top of the building, there is a void
space beneath the uppermost section of the
portal frame is designed to house wind
turbines as a possible future innovation.

Although the building is conceived as a
corporate headquarters, it also has the
flexibility to be partly sub-let, enabling Caja
Madrid to expand or contract its
accommodation easily in the future as
required.

Vertical circulation routes occupy minimal
space as a result of an intelligent lift system
that requires fewer lift cars than conventional
systems.

The cores are strategically positioned so as
to block west/east direct sunlight, a move
that has the added benefit of framing
spectacular views of the hills of Sierra de
Guadarrama to the north and the center of
Madrid to the south.
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
and is carefully positioned to maximise the exceptional
qualities of its site.
Madrid At the top of the building, the is a void space beneath the
uppermost section of the portal frame is designed to house wind
turbines as a possible future innovation. Although the building is
conceived as a corporate headquarters, it also has the flexibility
to be partly sub-let, enabling Caja Madrid to expand or contract
its accommodation easily in the future as required. Vertical
circulation routes occupy minimal space as a result of an
intelligent lift system that requires fewer lift cars than
conventional systems. The cores are strategically positioned
so as to block west/east direct sunlight, a move that has the
added benefit of framing spectacular views of the hills of
Sierra de Guadarrama to the north and the centre of Madrid
to the south.
CAJA MADRID
CALCULATION AND MECHANICAL REPRESENTATION
Complete finite element models have been developed of this
building to obtain their vibration modes and frequencies, as
well as to calculate the
50-year along-wind displacements. The human comfort is
assessed, according to the
recommendations of Eurocode, in terms of the 5 and 10-year
along-wind building
acceleration at the top occupied floor. The across-wind structural
response is not considered in

CAJA MADRID
The wind displacement can be thought of as consisting of three
parts:
1-a static part due to the 10-minute averaged extreme wind
velocity
2-a static part due to the wind turbulence
3-A dynamic response caused by resonance with the turbulent
wind breeze.

The vibration frequency, on one hand, is needed to calculate the
resonant response.

On the other hand, it is the fundamental mode shape in
combination with the mass distribution along the height that
determines the building mass in the fundamental vibration
mode. The
accelerations due to along-wind turbulence are higher for lower
fundamental frequencies and fundamental modal mass.
CAJA MADRID
The bending-dominated lateral load resisting system in x-direction is composed of the two
concrete cores. In y-direction, a megaframe behaviour is obtained due to the rigidly connected
transfer trusses; about 60% of the stiffness in y-direction is attributed to this frame action. Note
that the top steel structure does not have any influence on the global frame action. P-delta
effects were found to be rather small, being 4% and 5% respectively in the x and y-direction.
The frequencies of the first three harmonic vibrations are provided in table 5.
Lateral load resisting characteristics

The result shaow that the x-direction is the governing wind direction, having the
highest fundamental period and wind excitation. The force coefficient is constant
along the building height and equals.
CAJA MADRID
The tower use the mat foundation system supported on drilled piers
1.0_Introduction
4.0_Construction Process _ Foundation
TORRE CAJA MADRID
The tower design includes 5 parking levels below grade
1.0_Introduction
4.0_Construction Process _ Basement Parking
TORRE CAJA MADRID
Basement parking (5 level )
1.0_Introduction
4.0_Construction Process _ Ground Floor
TORRE CAJA MADRID
The structure of this
building consists of two
concrete cores that are
linked together at three
locations over the height
of the building.
1.0_Introduction
4.0_Construction Process _ Reinforced Concrete Cores
TORRE CAJA MADRID
The links between the
cores are a pair of two-story
trusses, which not only link
the cores but also support
the 11 to 12 floors above
each truss
1.0_Introduction
4.0_Construction Process _ Steel Truss
TORRE CAJA MADRID
34 office floors (a total
of approx. 110,000 sq
meters) divided into three
distinct office blocks of
11, 12 and 11 floors.
1.0_Introduction
4.0_Construction Process _ Office Blocks
TORRE CAJA MADRID
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
1.0_Introduction
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1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
Faade system : Curtain Wall
Faade Material : glass and aluminum
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
1.0_Introduction
The links between the cores are
a pair of two-story trusses,
which not only link the cores
but also support the 11 to 12
floors above each truss.

Essentially the building floors
are divided into three segments,
where each segment is an 11 to
12 story structure that is
supported on trusses that span
between the two cores. All
mechanical floors for the
building are located with in the
two-story truss levels.

The Long-Span Trusses not only
support loads but also to
provide rigidity to the 2 cores
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Long-Span Transfer Trusses
TORRE CAJA MADRID
The Long-Span Transfer Trusses consists of
Two primary trusses that span 105 ft between the cores
Two secondary trusses that cantilever 33 ft to the north
and south past the primary trusses and transfer the four
exterior columns back to the primary trusses
To Provide Rigidity
The bottom chord and end diagonal of the trusses will
push the cores apart, while the top chords will pull the
cores together.
Primary Trusses Secondary Trusses
TORRE CAJA MADRID
The trusses induce both vertical and horizontal forces into
the core walls; for this reason two steel columns are
embedded with in each core. The embedded steel column
allows for a direct connection of the trusses to the core.
Since the trusses induce a large vertical load to the
embedded steel column, shear studs welded to the flange
and web of the columns will transfer the vertical load from
the steel column to the concrete cores.
TORRE CAJA MADRID
TORRE CAJA MADRID
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Floor Framing System
Basic Principle
The floor framing at each level is supported by four interior and four
exterior steel columns.
The two exterior columns on the north and south sides are supported
directly on the secondary trusses.
Floor Slab
Level 1, 12 and 24 - 0.075 m metal deck plus 0.150 m of normal
weight concrete the thicker slab was provided to minimize sound
transmission from the mechanical rooms
Other Level - 75mm deck plus 75mm of light weight concrete
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Vierendeel Frame
The architectural design intent was to minimize the
number of exterior columns on the typical office
floors and eliminate corner columns.

This was achieved by providing only two columns on
the north and south faces of the building. These
columns have been detailed to allow for vertical
movement at the mid-height between each floor.

To eliminate the columns from the corners, spandrel
beams on the east and west side of the building
would cantilever from the cores out to the 23 ft
cantilevers on the north and south faces of the
building.

The perimeter spandrel beams and exterior columns
form the Vierendeel frame.

TORRE CAJA MADRID
1.0_Introduction
5.0_Details and Special Features _ Basic Load Distribution
TORRE CAJA MADRID
Load from the floor slab
Internal and external column
Internal and external column
Long Span Steel Truss
Loads transferred to cores Loads transferred to foundation
and piles and finally to the earth
The first cranes of the Cuatro Torres Business
Area complex were erected at this building despite
Torres Espacio having been started before.
The first construction cranes were erected on
October 8, 2004.
When works started, four test facades were
installed to find the best solution for the final faade
design.
Steel structure of the building weights 11,000
tonnes.
The entrance lobby is 13.85 meters high.
The building has two concrete cores with
panoramic elevators. These cores support all the
weight of the building, with each column-free floor
framed in steel.
This is the tallest building in Spain, rising over
Torre de Cristal by just 89 centimeters.
FACTS
1.0_Introduction
TORRE CAJA MADRID
COMPARISON STUDY
1. Core and Planning
Burj Al-Arab Torre Caja Madrid
1.0_Introduction
BURJ AL-ARAB &TORRE CAJA MADRID
2. Environmental Approach
1. Building
Orientation
Wind displacement
2. Exoskeleton
Structure
COMPARISON STUDY
3. Load Transfer
COMPARISON STUDY
4. Building Materials
Fiber Glass Teflon
Faade system : Curtain Wall
Faade Material : glass and aluminum
COMPARISON STUDY
5. Technology
Exoskeleton Structure
Long-Span Transfer
Trusses
COMPARISON STUDY

Burj Al-Arab Torre Caja Madrid

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Burj Al-Arab Torre Caja Madrid

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1.0_Introduction 2.0_Environmental Approaches + Details 3.0_Building Configuration 4.0_Construction Process 6.0_Conclusion 5.

0_Details and Special Features

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