CONTROL OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE

BY USING DIGITAL MOTOR PROTECTION

RELAY
PROJECT TITLE :
Oxygen gas plays a vital role in steel making process for that
purpose oxygen compressors are used. To drive this compressors
11MW/11KV synchronous motors are used. To protect this motors
relays are used.
The protection usually provide for three phase motors, while
generally effective against overload and short circuit conditions
rarely taken in to full account the harmful effects of unbalanced
line currents.
The motor protection relay measure the load current and
unbalanced current independently, and provide accurate protection
against thermal damage under all operating condition.
Earlier electro magnetic relays are failed to give complete fault
record and history on protection parameters.
ABSTRACT:
General Features Of VSP:
VSP is the only shore board integrated steel plant in our
country
VSP is the home for several hurry industry in public
sectors like BHPV, Hindustan shipyard, HPCL etc.
VSP contains the following sections:
Coke oven and coke chemical plant
Sinter plant
Blast furnace
Steel melting shop
Thermal power plant
Air Separation Plant
In ASP air is compressed to 6.4 Kscg(kg/cm)
This air is pre cooled in air water to 10
0
c
This is air is passed through the main exchanger where it is
cooled to its due point and from the exchangers will be sent to
distillation column which would separate the air in to oxygen
nitrogen and argon.
Not only the gaseous products liquid products such as liquid
oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon are also produced.
SMS required 99.5% of oxygen for LD converter blowing
64.47% of total nitrogen for blast furnace
Synchronous Motor
Induction motor have fixed stator winding that are electrically
connected to AC power
In case of synchronous motor have fixed stator winding
electrically connected to the AC supply with separate source of
excitation
Induction motor can be started by applying AC power to the
stator winding. But synchronous motor required special attention
to start because initially synchronous motor acts as a induction
motor
when the synchronous motor is running at synchronous speed
it is possible to alter the PF by varying the excitation to the rotor
field
Synchronous motor protection
Figure highlights multiple functions used to monitor the
status of the synchronous motor.
These devices includes field over and under current, motor
pullout protection and incomplete sequence.
As the synchronous motor builts to rated speed some
maximum time is defined by the manufacture for the excitation
to be applied.
If motor takes longer than the defined time, rotor squirrel cage
winding will over heat.
Then the relay is set to trip the motor in time to protect the
squirrel cage winding.
The lagging phase angles occurs when insufficient excitation
fails to provide the needed synchronising torque.
The field under current relay monitors for insufficient field
current from the excitation.
Leading and Lagging Current as
Affected by
Field Excitation on the Synchronous
Motor
CTMM Relay
I2 conscious Thermal Protection.
Selectable Thermal Characteristics
Built-in Stalling protection with provision for external
control.
feed with instantaneous or time-delayed operation option
Sensitive earth fault protection suitable for either residual
or CBCT


Features:

.
Pre-trip alarm with adjustable pick up and time delay with
LED Indication.
. Auxiliary supply supervision with Alarm & LED indication.
Built-in Load Indicator
Suitable for AC or DC Aux. Supplies.

Typical static motor protection relay front facia
Motor characteristics must be carefully considered when
applying protection.
The protection usually provided for three phase motors
while generally effective against loads and short circuit
conditions.
motor protection relay type CTMM & CTMFM measure
the load current and unbalanced current independently and
provide accurate protection against thermal damage under all
operating conditions.
APPLICATION OF CTMM RELAY:
DIGITAL MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY
MICOM P220 TYPE
FEATURES:
Digital motor protection relay has continuous range.
It has a possibility of recording of fault.
It can give the complete protection.
It has also external features.
It has a time delay function.
The motor protection relay range is designed for motor
protection application .
A complete set of protection function is performed on
the measurement of current ,voltage and temperature.
On top of that high inertia loads and anti- backspin
protection ensures that the rotor stops the motor can be re
started

Application:
The MiCOM P220 Protection Relay range performs and
offers a numerous function in a compact design:
Protection
Monitoring
Diagnosis
Fault analysis tools
Aid to maintenance
Compact and* plug and play* made*, the p220protection relay
range supply essential functions fox industry applications. Where
the following requirements must be achieved:
Small and medium motors
High inertia
Compact
Easy to use
Low cost
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
Protection function is autonomous and can be individually
configured or disables to suit a particular application

Protection functions
Short-circuit (50/51)
Earth fault (50N/51N)
second motor protection modemotor(48/49/49LR50S/66)
CB failure (50BF)
Limitation of the number of starts, timbetweenstarts(66)
Loss of load (37)
Unbalance, loss of phase and single phasing (46)
Thermal overload (49)-true RMS value
Locked rotor while running or at start-up (51s)
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Independent protection setting groups
Programmable scheme logic
Trip circuit super vision
CB monitoring
External trips
Shape of start up current and voltage
Analog outputs
Trip cause statistics


Measurement and recording facilities
The relay constantly measures a large amount of electrical data such
as
Phase current magnitude in true R.M.S value :I
A
,I
B
,I
C
.
Neutral current magnitude in true RMS value I
N.
Positive sequence current I
1
, negative sequence current I
2
, zero
sequence current I
0
& unbalance ratio I
1
/I
2
Frequency, peak current value, phase to phase voltage true RMS
value, active & Reactive power W&VAR., Active &Reactive
energies Wh & VARh and power factor.








User interface
Front plate and menus
Dedicated and programmable LEDs
Local and remote communication
Software support
MiCOM S1 Software makes it possible to pre-set all MiCOM
P220 relay parameters from a PC. The relay is then accessed via the
RS232 port on the front panel.
Complete configuration of the micomp220
It can be completely configured either by using interface or
by using the control and setting software MICOM S1.
Thermal overload
Short circuit
Earth fault
Unbalance
Excess long start
Blocked rotor
Loss of load
RTD (optional)
Protection functions
Thermal replica
Thermal current threshold
Over load time constant T
E1
Short circuit protection
Unbalance protection
Too long start up protection
Locked raptor protection
Under current protection
RTD temperature detection or thermostats


AUTOMATION FUNCTIONS
Limitation of the number of start- ups
Time between 2 start-ups
Logic inputs /auxiliary timers
Logic equations time delay
Auxiliary output relay
Latching of the output relays
Trip output relay
Control and monitoring of the breaker device
Optional functions
Recording functions

Event recorder
Fault recorder

Figure 10: Thermal Overload Curves
Inputs and outputs
Phase current I
IN
1 and 5 amp
Earth current I
on
1 and 5 amp
Frequency range 45 to 65 Hz
nominal 50/60Hz
Burdens phase current inputs <0.3 VA (5A)
<0.2 VA (1A)
earth current input <0.001 VA at 0.1 I
ON


.
THERMAL OVERLOAD
CHARECTERISTICS
CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY AND PC
Once the physical connection is established, the relay and pc
settings must be checked in order to start the communication.

HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE
OUTPUT PARAMETERS
PASSWORD=****
TYPE=P220
REFERENCE=XXXX
SOFTWARE VFR=3C
FREQUENCY =50 Hz
ACTIVE GROUP=1
INPUT ST=00000
OUTPUT ST=0000
DATE,TIME.

CONCLUSION:
The motor protection relay range particularly adopted to oil
refinery glass and cement manufacturing paper mills and mining
etc.
so the P220 relay can nevertheless be used as a multi function
relay to protect a high power synchronous motor.
Digital motor protection relay has got very handsome
computing power, as it incorporates a microprocessor with it.
Present digital relays give all the protection features of old
electro mechanical or static relays. In addition it gives
communication facia supervision and add trouble shooting
features on it.
so it has become versatile productive cum human machine
interface module.