Name: Tan Chai Shiuan (29)

Chee Hui Fen (7)

Class: 2A2

Band: Band 6
Consep Map - Simple Machines

Lever Wedge Wheel and Axle

6 types of simple machines

Screw Pulley Inclined plane


Lever

Enables small effort to overcome a
heavy load

Used to lift heavy objects

Makes work easier


A lever has 3 parts
a)Fulcrum (F) the turning point or pivot

b)Effort (E) the force applied to
overcome a resisting force
called the load

c)Load (L) the resisting force exerted
by an object
Concep of Lever
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
First Class Lever
Relative position of F, E and L - F between E and L

Common characteristics - Small force is used to move
a large load
- Effort moves through a
longer distance than the
load
- Effort is further from the
fulcrum than the load

Common devices - Claw hammer, Pliers, Scissors

Second Class Lever
Relative position of F, E and L - L between F and E

Common characteristics - Small force is used to move
a large load
- Effort moves through a
longer distance than the
load
- Effort is further from the
fulcrum than the load

Common devices - Wheelbarrow, Bottle opener, Paper cutter
Third Class Lever
Relative position of F, E and L - E between F and L

Common characteristics - Small force is used to move
a large load
- Effort moves through a
longer distance than the
load
- Effort is further from the
fulcrum than the load

Common devices - Fishing rod, Broom, Ice tongs
The Moment of A Force
The moment of a force is the turning effect of the
force.

The moment of a force is defined as:

Moment of a force (N m)
= Force (N) x Perpendicular distance from the pivot to the force (m)

The moment of a force can be increased by:
- Increasing the size of the force
- Applying the force at a further distance from the pivot
Principle of Moments in a Lever
The effort and the load
produce opposing moments



Anticlockwise moment Clockwise moment

When the lever is in EQUILIBRIUM, the sum of the
anticlockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the
clockwise.
When the lever system is balanced



Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment


Load (N) x Distance of load = Effort (N) x Distance of
from fulcrum (m) effort from fulcrum (m)