Deployment of Broad Band

WMAN using Wi-max Standards

Dr. (Mrs.)Nupur Prakash

Professor, School of Information Technology
GGS Indraprastha University,
Delhi, INDIA
Wireless Networks

Facilitate
Freedom from wires
All pervasive computing
Access to network resources anywhere
anytime
Higher productivity and connectivity
Mobile Network Architecture & Standards

 Wireless Networks
WPAN
WLAN WMAN
WMAN
WLAN
 Standardization
IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.16
Features of Wireless Networks
WPAN WLAN WMAN
Protocol 802.15 802.11 802.16

Standards Bluetooth, Wi-fi Wi-Max

IrDA, UWD
Frequency 2.4 to 2.483 5.15 to 10 Ghz to 66
Range Ghz 5.35Ghz Ghz
Speed .1- 4 Mbps 1-54 Mbps 2-70 Mbps

Cell radius 1-10 ms 1-500 ms 1km-50km

Modulation FHSS OFDM, DSSS QPSK
WiMax Technology
 WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for
microwave access)
A technology based on an evolving standard for
point-to-multipoint wireless networking
Medium range wireless data communication
standard (IEEE 802.16)
Solution for Wireless Metropolitan Area
Network (WMAN)
BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) Solution
What is WiMax?
 Operates on
frequencies between
10-66GHz
 1 to 10 mile range (10
miles assuming rural
areas with little
blockages). Image copyright Intel (2004)

 70MB/second transfer
rate
Broadband Fixed wireless access
architecture
 Supports
P-MP configuration
Hub uses broad coverage antenna mounted on
towers or tall building and transmits to a group
of subscribers
Subscriber uses highly directional antenna
pointed towards the hub
Broadband wireless access system
architecture using WiMAX Standards
 WiMax Forum
 WiMax was Founded in Jan 03’
 No Profit organization comprised of
 wireless access system manufacturers
component suppliers
software developers and carriers.
 Promotes conformance, compliance and
interoperability
 WiMax Forum certified product
 WiMAX Forum
Initial Founding Members (2003)

WiMAX Members *

Fujitsu OFDM Forum

Hughes Network Systems France Telecom
Intel Tata Teleservices PCCW Alcatel
Reliance Infocom Atheros
China Motion Telecom British Telecom
Alvarion Qwest
Proxim Aperto Networks
Siemens ZTE

* Partial List
WiMAX Standard for WMAN
The IEEE 802.16 standard
 defines a powerful OFDM and NLOS technology
for wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN)
 provides broadband wireless connectivity to
Fixed, Portable and Nomadic users.
 can be used to backhaul LANs to the Internet
 provides inter-campus connectivity and a
wireless alternative to cable, DSL, T1’s or even
fiber or cable
 WiMax Features
 provides up to 50-kilometers of service area
range
 allows users to get broadband connectivity
without needing direct LOS with the base station
 single base station simultaneously supports
hundreds of businesses with T1/E1-type
connectivity
thousands of homes with DSL-type connectivity
Benefits of Broadband Wireless Access
 Very cost effective to deploy to rural
communities and businesses, where terrain or
situation do not allow traditional cabling or
satellite connectivity
 Resolve traditional “Last Mile” customers reach
issues and enhance broadband services to rural,
low density communities.
 broadband in-fill for DSL black-spots
 adding capacity to mobile & line networks
 Broadband and Internet access in underserved,
developing communities.
IEEE 802.16 Versions
 802.16a
 uses the licensed and license-exempt frequencies from 2 to
11Ghz
 Supports Mesh-Network
 802.16b
 Increases spectrum to 5 and 6GHz
 Provide QoS (for real-time voice and video service)
 802.16c
 Represents a 10 to 66GHz system profile
 802.16d
 Improvement and fixes for 802.16a
 802.16e
 Addresses on Mobile
 Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for
communications with users moving at vehicular speeds
The family of 802.16 standard
 Deployment of Wi-Max
Wi-Max deployment is planned in three phases.

 Phase one: Hubs with outdoor antennas that target

known subscribers in a fixed location leading to quick
inexpensive solution without laying cable.

 Phase two: will roll out indoor antennas making

installation simpler at user sites leading to simple, low
cost installation of fixed wireless access.

 Phase three: will launch IEEE 802.16e Wi-Max certified

hardware available in portable solutions supporting
roaming of users within a service area. WiMax
compatible PDAs and laptops are expected to be
launched by 2007
Image copyright Intel (2004)
Image copyright Intel (2004)
Image copyright Intel (2004)
Infrastructure required for WMAN
using Wi-Max
 Base Stations
 Subscriber’s Module
Send/Receive Antenna
Receiver/Transmitter
Router connected to Server via cable or 802.11
hot-spot
 The backhaul unit
Wireless Broadband Communities
 WiMax Protocol stack

MAC Convergence Sublayer ATM

Ethernet, 802.1Q
(ATM, Ethernet. 802.1Q, IP) Internet Protocol

Packing,
MAC
Fragmentation
ARQ, QoS
MAC Privacy Sublayer Authentication,
Key Exchange
Privacy(encryption)
Physical Layer
OFDM, Ranging
Power Control,
DFS, Tx, Rx
Physical Layer
 Point-to-multipoint architecture,
 BS transmits a TDM signal, with individual
subscriber stations allocated time slots serially.
 burst single-carrier modulation (OFDM) with
adaptive burst profiling transmission
parameters, including the modulation and coding
schemes, adjusted individually to each
subscriber station (SS) on a frame-by-frame
basis.
 Channel bandwidths of 20 or 25 MHz (typical
U.S. allocation) or 28 MHz (typical European
allocation) are specified
Frame Structure and PDU
 Each MAC packet consists of the three
components,
A MAC header, which contains frame control
information.
A variable length frame body, which contains
information specific to the frame type.
A frame check sequence (FCS), which contains
an IEEE 32-bit cyclic redundancy code (CRC).
Security Mechanism
The IEEE 802.16 protocol supports security
mechanism for terminal authentication and
privacy. Each connection is mapped to a
Security Association (SA) that specifies
 the encryption algorithm to be used
 the data authentication algorithm to be
used and
 the algorithm for exchanging the data
encryption keys.
Security Implementation
 Authentication is based on the use of PKI
technology-based X.509 digital certificates.
 Each Subscriber Station (SS) contains both a
manufacturer-issued factory-installed X.509
digital certificate and the certificate of the
manufacturer.
 Privacy Sublayer uses privacy protocol that is
based on the privacy key exchange
management (PKM) protocol
 PKM protocol uses X.509 digital certificates with
RSA public key encryption for SS authentication
and authorization key exchange.
Wireless Roaming
 The 802.16e task group is working on
developing a specification to enable
802.16 mobile clients
 PDAs using embedded chips or laptops
using 802.16e enabled cards
 These clients will be able to handoff
between 802.16 base stations, enabling
users to roam between service areas.
Hand-off Procedure
 Roaming and hand offs between
heterogeneous 802 networks is being
studied
 ‘Hand off’ procedures would allow
mobile devices to switch the connection
from one base station to another
from one 802 network type to another
(such as from 802.11 to 802.16)
from wired 802.x to 802.16, connections.
Seam less Roaming
 As the mobile client (a notebook or a PDA user)
moves within WMAN it remains connected via
Ethernet or 802.11 when docked and stays
connected with 802.16 when roaming the city or
suburbs
 The goal is to standardize handoffs between
heterogeneous networks and support seam less
roaming. The mobile devices thus become
interoperable as they move from one network
type to another.
Broadband Wireless Access
 802.16e
Expected players
 Backed by 140
companies in the WiMax
Forum
(www.wimaxforum.org)
 Intel is producing chips
and currently managing
50 test sites around the
country
 Covad (currently a big
DSL provider) is
considering using WiMax
for last mile connections.
 Adoption of Broadband Wireless at
Ahmedabad Rural District, INDIA
District Inds. Center

Dist. Court

Krushi Bhavan

Multistoried Bldg.
Superintendent
Of Police
Office Civil Hospital
Jal Bhavan

Sales Tax

Karai CP Office

Circuit House
Ahd.Diet
GMDC

Collector
Blk.12

High Court
RTO Jail
Gujarat State
Govt BB Wireless
WAN Project
 WiMAX’s Path to future Broadband
Mobility
Internet

Telephone Network
IP Based Access Network 80
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802.16-2004 Backhaul
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Wi-Fi 802.16-2004 802.16d/e

Base Station Base Station Base Station

Pedestrian Speeds, 11Mbps,

Lightweight, Limited Coverage Vehicular Speeds, 20 Mbps,
Vehicular Speeds, 20 Mbps, Power
Lightweight, Full Coverage
Source, Heavy, Limited Coverage,
Specialized Applications

T I ME
Thank You