Ionic Bonds

Chemistry
Mrs. Coyle
Part A:
Ions
Lewis Dot Structure
Stable Octet (or Duet)

The Periodic Table and Atomic Radius
Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the
highest occupied energy level of the atom.

Valence electrons are the only electrons
generally involved in bond formation.
Electron Configuration of Sodium


1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1

Which is the valence electron for Na?

Answer: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
Na , 11 e

Na
+
, 10e

A Positive Ion (Cation):
An atom that has lost one or more electrons.
+ charge
Electron Dot Structure or
Lewis Dot Diagram
A notation showing the valence electrons
surrounding the atomic symbol.

Elements within the same group have
the same electron-dot structure.
A Negative Ion (Anion)
An atom that has gained one or more
electrons.
Negatively (-) charged.


Chlorine Atom Chlorine Ion
When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence
electron, what element does its
configuration look like ?


a. Neon
b. Potassium
c. Beryllium
d. Sodium
Check your Neighbor
When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence
electron, what element does its
configuration look like ?


a. Neon
b. Potassium
c. Beryllium
d. Sodium
Check your Neighbor
When the valence shell is full, the
atom is stable, less likely to react.

Example: Noble (Inert Gases)
Kr
A Stable Octet
Note
Atoms tend to react in a way that would lead
them to have a stable octet.
Part B:

Equations for Formation of Ions and Naming
Ions

Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds
Equations for the Formation of Cations
H
.
H
+
+ e
-


Li
.
Li
+
+ e
-


Mg: Mg
2+
+ 2e
-


Equations for the Formation of Anions

.

..
: F : + e
-


:

F
-
:


..

..

Naming cations (+).
Use the name of the metal.

Example: Na
+
Sodium ion.
Naming Anions(-)
Use the name of the nonmetal with the
ending ide.

Example: F
-
Fluoride
Ionic Compounds
Are made up of:
a metal and a nonmetal ion.
polyatomic ions.

Naming Ionic Compounds,
a First Look
Example: NaF

Sodium Fluoride
Example:
Which of the following compounds are ionic?

1. NaCl
2. CO
2
3. CO
4. KF
5. KNO
3

Some Common Ions
Bonding
Elements that do not have a complete octet,
tend to react.
When the elements react bonds are formed.

Types of Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent
Ionic Bonds

Bonds that are formed by transfer of
electrons from one element to the other.

Each element (now an ion) will have a
complete octet after the transfer of electrons.
The Ionic Bond
The electrical force of attraction between
oppositely charged ions.

Na
+

F

Example:
Formation of Lithium Fluoride

.

..
Li
.
+

: F :

Li
+


:

F
-
:


..

..

Is an Ionic Compound Electrically
Neutral or Charged?

Movie Clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhV
qQ&NR=1


Chemical Formula
A representation of the kinds and number of
atoms in a substance.
Formula Unit
A chemical formula that shows the
lowest whole number ratio of the
atoms (ions) in an ionic compound.

Example: KCl, Mg Cl
2

The formula unit is used because ionic
compounds have a lattice arrangement
of ions. Ex: NaCl
Which ball
represents
the Na?