REPRODUCTION

Reproductive Parts and Fertilisation

QUESTIONS
How do you think a baby is formed?

What do you think are the important things both
parents will pass on to their child during the
formation of a baby?
REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS
How does sexual
reproduction
occur in
humans?
Well, before a human can
reproduction sexually,
certain organs in the body
must develop and mature.
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Which part of the human body are involved in
sexual reproduction?
MALE SEX ORGAN
In the male, the male sex
organ plays an important
role in sexual
reproduction.
The testes produce
millions of sperms which
can only be seen under a
microscope.
parts of the male sex organ
testes
penis
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - MALE
THE RIBENA ANALOGY
In animals, the male gametes are known as
sperms







The female gametes are known as
ova or eggs
9

HUMAN
SPERM
Contains mitochondria
which provides energy
for the sperms activity
Enables the sperm to
swim towards egg
FEMALE SEX ORGAN
In the female, the female
sex organ plays an
important role in sexual
reproduction.
The ovaries produce
eggs.
Usually, only one egg is
released from the ovary
each month.
parts of the female sex organ
womb
vagina
ovaries
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE
1
3

HUMAN EGG
HOW DOES HUMAN LIFE BEGIN?
The sperms in the testes of a male are transferred through the
penis into the females vagina.
The sperms find their way to meet the egg inside the females
body.
If a sperm meets an egg, they fuse.
This is known as fertilisation.
Only one sperm can fertilise the egg.
The male and female are now the father and mother of the
fertilised egg.
+
sperm
egg
fertilised egg
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Mrs
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Teo/2
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1
5

FERTILISATION
HOW DOES HUMAN LIFE BEGIN?
The fertilised egg divides to form more and
more cells.
These cells will eventually form the organs
in the body of the developing baby.
fertilised egg
many cells
developing baby
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HOW DOES FERTILISATION OCCUR?
1. There is mating .
2. Sperms are introduced into the female through
the vagina.
3. The sperms swim through the uterus to the
oviduct towards the egg.
4. A sperm bumps into the egg.
5. The sperm penetrates the egg membrane.
6. The tail drops.
7. The egg membrane thickens to prevent other
sperms from entering.
8. The sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus.

HOW DOES HUMAN LIFE BEGIN?
As the baby develops inside the mothers womb,
the mothers belly gets bigger.
After about 9 months, the baby is born.
umbilical cord
newborn baby
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PARENTS AND THEIR YOUNG
The fusion of the sperm and egg results in a
fully developed baby.
These two reproductive cells contain
information about the characteristics of the
father and the mother.
Through the reproductive cells, the
characteristics of the parents are passed on
to their young.
Thus, the characteristics of plants and
animals are preserved in future generations,
hence ensuring that their kind continues to
exist.
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HOW DOES IT HAPPEN?
Puberty - specific changes in the male
Boys usually reach puberty at an average age
of 13 years.
Sex organ starts to produce sperms
Shoulder and chest become broader
Voice breaks and deepens
Moustache and beard start to grow
HOW DOES IT HAPPEN?
Puberty - Specific changes in the female
When a baby girl is born, the ovaries already contain
around 400 000 ova or eggs.
Girls tend to mature two years earlier than boys
(average age of 11)
When she matures, a small fraction of these eggs
mature (approx. 450) and is released from alternate
ovaries each month.
Breasts develop
Hips widen
Undergoes the menstrual cycle
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
It is a cycle that all mature girls go through.

One cycle takes approximately 28 days.

Ovulation thickening of uterus walls
menstruation.