CITATION: Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Recurrent

Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Are the results of this single
preventive
or therapeutic trial valid?
Was the assignment of patients
to treatments randomized?
YES
Was the randomization list
concealed?
YES
Was follow-up of patients
sufficiently
long and complete?
YES
Were all patients analyzed in the
groups
to which they were randomized?
YES
Are the results of this single
preventive
or therapeutic trial valid?
Were patients, clinicians,
and study personnel kept blind
to treatment?
YES
Were the groups treated equally,
apart from the experimental
treatment?
YES
Were the groups similar at the
start
of the trial apart from
the experimental therapy?
YES
Are the valid results of this
randomized trial important?
What is the magnitude of the
treatment effect?
P value
How precise is the estimate of the
treatment effect?
95 %
Calculations
Relative
risk
reduction
(RRR)
Absolute
risk
reduction
(ARR)
Number
needed
to treat
(NNT)
CER

19,1 %
EER

12,5 %

CER EER
CER
19,1 12,5
19,1
= 34,6 %
CER EER

19,1 12,5
= 6,6 %

1/ARR

_1_
6,6%
= 15
95% CI a
Can you apply this valid, important
evidence about therapy in caring for
your patient?
Do these results apply to our
patient?
YES
Is our patient so different
from those in the study that
its results cannot apply?
NO
Is the treatment feasible in our
setting?
YES
Can you apply this valid, important
evidence about therapy in caring for
your patient?
What are our patients potential benefits and harms from the therapy?
Method I : f Risk of the outcome in our patient,
relative to patients in the trial.
Expressed as a decimal: 6%

NNT/ f = 17/ 0,31 = 54,83

(NNT for patients like ours)
Method II :
1/(PEER RRR)

Our patients expected event rate
if they received
the control treatment (PEER) =______

1/(PEER RRR) = 1/________=______

(NNT for patients like ours)
Can you apply this valid, important
evidence about therapy in caring for
your patient?
Are our patients values and preferences satisfied
by the regimen and its consequences?
Do we and our patient have
a clear assessment
of their values and preferences?
YES, we do
Are they met by this regimen and
its consequences?
YES, they do
CITATION: Cefpodoxime vs Ciprof loxacin
for Short-Course Treatment of Acute
Uncomplicated Cystitis
Are the results of this single
preventive
or therapeutic trial valid?
Was the assignment of patients
to treatments randomized?
YES
Was the randomization list
concealed?
YES
Was follow-up of patients
sufficiently
long and complete?
YES
Were all patients analyzed in the
groups
to which they were randomized?
YES
Are the results of this single
preventive
or therapeutic trial valid?
Were patients, clinicians,
and study personnel kept blind
to treatment?
YES
Were the groups treated equally,
apart from the experimental
treatment?
YES
Were the groups similar at the
start
of the trial apart from
the experimental therapy?
YES
Are the valid results of this
randomized trial important?
What is the magnitude of the
treatment effect?
P value
How precise is the estimate of the
treatment effect?
95 %
Calculations
Relative
risk
reduction
(RRR)
Absolute
risk
reduction
(ARR)
Number
needed
to treat
(NNT)
CER

17,3 %
EER

29,3 %

CER EER
CER
17,3 29,3
17,3
= - 0,69 %
CER EER

17,3 29,3
= - 12 %

1/ARR

_1_
- 12%
= -8,3
95% CI a - 8 orang
Can you apply this valid, important
evidence about therapy in caring for
your patient?
Do these results apply to our
patient?
YES
Is our patient so different
from those in the study that
its results cannot apply?
NO
Is the treatment feasible in our
setting?
YES
Can you apply this valid, important
evidence about therapy in caring for
your patient?
What are our patients potential benefits and harms from the therapy?
Method I : f Risk of the outcome in our patient,
relative to patients in the trial.
Expressed as a decimal: %

NNT/ f = /=
(NNT for patients like ours)
Method II :
1/(PEER RRR)

Our patients expected event rate
if they received
the control treatment (PEER) =______

1/(PEER RRR) = 1/________=______

(NNT for patients like ours)
Can you apply this valid, important
evidence about therapy in caring for
your patient?
Are our patients values and preferences satisfied
by the regimen and its consequences?
Do we and our patient have
a clear assessment
of their values and preferences?
YES, we do
Are they met by this regimen and
its consequences?
YES, they do