Presented By:

Umar Siddique
Abdul Samad
Yasir Sahil
Introduction to wireless
communication
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with
any type of information with anyone, at
anytime, from anywhere. This is possible
with the aid of WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
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Types of wireless Communication
Cellular Networks
Wireless local area network
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Cellular Networks

Evolved from mobile telephone as voice
conversation and communication tools for
private and business uses

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Wireless Local Area Network

Emerged from computer network. It helps
business user to expand their service
areas by using LAN (faster data transport)


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0G
Half-duplex lines
One speaks, the other cannot speak.
Push-to-talk protocol (PTT)
Voice only
Two-way radio / Walkie-Talkies
Mobile Telephone System (MTS)
1946 MTS
1962 IMTS
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Evolution from 1g to 4g system
1g Wireless System :Developed in 1980s
and completed in early 1990s
2g Wireless System :The 2G phase
began in the 1990s and much of this
technology is still in use.
3g Wireless System :It was developed in
the late 1990s until present day,Japan is
the first country having introduced 3G
nationally
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4G wireless system
4G technologies are sometimes referred to
by the acronym "MAGIC.
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Principal Technologies
Baseband techniques
[9]

OFDM: To exploit the frequency selective channel property
MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency
Turbo principle: To minimize the required SNR at the reception side
Adaptive radio interface
Modulation, spatial processing including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
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Communication, SBMJCE
Orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing (OFDM)
Transmission technique based
on FDM

In FDM
Multiple signals are sent out
at the same time, but on
different frequencies

In OFDM
A single transmitter
transmits on many different
orthogonal (independent)
frequencies (typically dozens
to thousands)
Frequencies closely spaced
Each only has room for
Narrowband signal

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Communication, SBMJCE
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Orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing (OFDM)
Advantage of OFDM
High spectrum efficiency
Resistance against
multipath interference
Ease of filtering out noise
Combining OFDM
technique with other
techniques (possible to
achieve more advantages
e.g. MC-CDMA)

Disadvantage of OFDM
Suffers from time-
variations in the channel :
severely degrades
performance
Circuitry must be very
linear

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Communication, SBMJCE
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Current Technology
TDMA :Time Division Multiple Access, is a
technique for dividing the time domain up
into sub channels for use by multiple
devices.
CDMA :Code Division Multiple Access,
allows every device in a cell to transmit
over the entire bandwidth at all times.
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4G Hardware
Ultra Wide Band Networks :Ultra
Wideband technology, or UWB, is an
advanced transmission technology that
can be used in the implementation of a 4G
network.
Smart Antennas :: Multiple smart
antennas can be employed to help find,
tune, and turn up signal information
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General 4G Services and 4G
Applications
Localized/Personalized Information
Organizational services
Communications services and applications
Entertainment services
Mobile commerce (M-Commerce )
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Features of 4G Wireless Systems
Support interactive multimedia
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High speed, high capacity and low cost per
bit
Higher band widths
Terminal Heterogeneity
Network Heterogeneity


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User and Industry Expectations
Wireless users can be categorized into
generalized segments :
The Age segment
The Internet Usage segment
The Mobile Professional segment

Comparison between 3g and 4g


Major
Requirement
3g 4g
Speed 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps
Frequency Band Dependent on country
Higher frequency bands
(2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Basis

All digital with packetized
voice
Access Technologies
Circuit and Packet
W-CDMA OFDM and MC-CDMA
Conclusion
4G will be a Convergence Platform
providing clear advantages in terms of
Coverage, Bandwidth, Power
Consumption, variety of Services, ranging
from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-
Based services and IP Data casting ones.
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