MANAGEMENT

OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
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INTRODUCTION
Everything which surrounds us is collectively
termed as enviroment.
Enviroment constitutes a life support system for us,
since it is from the enviroment that we get food to
eat, water to drink, air to breathe and all
requirements of day to day life.
Natural resources include forests, wildlife, water,
coal and petroleum we need to decide how these
resources are have to be managed for sustainable
development.
THE 3 RS
The three Rs can save the enviroment in following
ways:-
1) REDUCE: It means reduce the use of natural
resources or energy sources obtained using natural
resources.
2) RECYCLE: The materials or items made of metals,
glass, plastic, and paper should be recycled and do
not dump them along with other wastes.
3) REUSE: It means using things again and again.


NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources occur naturally within environments that
exist relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural form.
A natural resource is often characterized by amounts
of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in
various ecosystems.
Natural resources are derived from the environment.
Some of them are essential for our survival while most are
used for satisfying our needs.
Natural resources may be further classified in different
ways.
RESOURCE PLANNING
The management of natural resources requires along-term
perspective so that these will last for generations to come
and will not merely be exploited to the hilt for short term
gains.
Resource are limited and unevenly distributed over the
country. Hence their planning is essential.
Another factor to be considered while we exploit these
natural resource are either extracted or used/
The sustainable natural resource management demands that
we plan for the safe disposal of these wastes too.
FOREST
Forests are an uncultivated and uninhabitated piece of
land.
Normally forest is dominated by trees. However, a
forest is any land managed for the diverse purposes of
forestry.
USES OF FOREST:
1) Forests provide timber for the building and furniture. For
the crane-furniture the canes too are obtained from forests.
2) Forests provide raw materials for the paper industry, board
industry, plywood industry etc.
3) forests provide fodder for cattles, sheep, goat and camels.


CONSERVATION OF FORESTS:
1) Forest conservation is the practice of planting and
maintaining forested areas for the benefit and
sustainability of future generations.
2) Forest conservation involves the upkeep of
the natural resources within a forest that are
beneficial to both humans and the ecosystem.
3) Forest conservation acts to maintain, plan, and
improve forested areas.
4) Forests provide wildlife with a suitable habitat for
living along with filtering groundwater and
preventing runoff.
WILD LIFE
Wildlife traditionally refers to non
domesticated animal species, but has come to
include all plants, fungi and other organisms which
grow or live wild in an area without being
introduced by humans.
Domesticating wild plant and animal species for
human benefit has occurred many times all over the
planet, and has a major impact on the environment,
both positive and negative.
Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems.




IN-SITU CONSERVATION
NATIONAL PARK:
A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes.
Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed
land that a sovereign state declares or owns.
WILDLIFE SANTURIES:
It is similar to a national park, but is dedicated to protect
wildlife and conserve species.
BIOSPHERE RESERVE:
A biosphere reserve is an area proposed by its residents,
ratified by a national committee, and designated
by UNESCOs Man and Biosphere (MAB) program, which
demonstrates innovative approaches to living and working in
harmony with nature.
STAKEHOLDERS
The forest produce are used by all of us the dependency on
forest resources varies from individual to individual.
therefore, while considering the conservation or forest it is
neccary to look who are the stakeholders:
i. PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN OR AROUND FORESTS
ii. FOREST DEPARTEMENT
iii. INDUSTRIALISTS
iv. THE WILD LIFE AND NATURE ENTHUSIASTS
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
Sustainable management takes the concepts from
sustainability and synthesizes them with the concepts
of management.
Sustainability has three branches: the environment, the
needs of present and future generations, and
the economy.
Using these branches, it creates the ability to keep a
system running indefinitely without depleting resources,
maintaining economic viability, and also nourishing the
needs of the present and future generations.
CHIPKO MOVEMENT
The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan is a
movement that practiced the Gandhian methods
of satyagraha and non-violent resistance, through the act
of hugging trees to protect them from being felled.
This was first initiated by Amrita Devi while protesting
against a King's men to cut the tree.
The modern Chipko movement started in the early
1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, then
in Uttar Pradesh with growing awareness of
rapid deforestation.
WATER
Water is a transparent fluid which forms the
world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the
major constituent of the fluids of living things.
It is vital for all known forms of life.
Human biengs depend on water for many purposes
such as drinking, cooking, agriculture etc.
India has a very large coastline hence it has a large
source of salt water of seas and oceans.
REASONS FOR NON-AVAILABILITY OF WATER:
i. Due to loss of vegetation covers most of the rain
water flows to drains and rivers.
ii. Water becomes unsfe and unusuable aue to mixing of
urban wastes and effluents from the industries.
LOCAL INTERVATION:
i. In various parts of India peoeple used irrigation
methods like dams, tanks and canals.
ii. Local people assured that the basic requirements for
both agriculture and daily needs were met throughout
the year.
iii. Stored wated was strictly restricted.
MEGA-PROJECTS:
i. British implanted mega-projects like large dams and
canals.
ii. But due to these mega-project the local irrigation methods
were neglected.
iii. Government lost the control over the local water sources
by the local people.
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER:
i. Our other natural resources such as air, water and soil also
require proper attention and management.
ii. In India, we often face water scarcity. The ground water
level goes down in the summer seasons.
iii. As a result, during summers the municipal/corporation
water supply is restricted, our wells and hand pumps
become dry.
DAMS
We need to build dams because large dams can ensure the
storage of adequete water not just for irrigation, but also for
generating electricity.
Canal system leading from these dams can transfer large
amounts of water great distances.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO LARGE DAMS:
i. The environmental consequences of large dams are
numerous and varied, and includes direct impacts to the
biological, chemical and physical properties of rivers and
environments.
ii. The dam wall itself blocks fish migrations, which in some
cases and with some species completely separate spawning
habitats from rearing habitats.
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Watershed management is the study of the relevant
characteristics of a watershed aimed at the sustainable
distribution of its resources and the process of creating and
implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and
enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal,
and human communities within a watershed boundary.
Features of a watershed that agencies seek to manage
include water supply, water quality, drainage, storm water runoff,
water rights, and the overall planning and utilization of
watersheds.
Landowners, land use agencies, storm water management
experts, environmental specialists, water use surveyors and
communities all play an integral part in watershed management.
MAIN AIM:
i. To develop primary resources of land and water to
produce secondary resources of plants and animals
without causing ecological imbalance.
ADVANTAGES OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT:
i. The Watershed Approach is a decision making process that
reflects a common strategy for information collection and
analysis as well as a common understanding of the roles,
priorities, and responsibilities of all stakeholders within a
watershed.
ii. The Watershed Approach is based on the concept that
many water quality problems, like the accumulation of
pollutants or nonpoint source pollution, are best addressed
at the watershed level.
WATER HARVESTING:
Some of the ancient water harvesting are-
i. Khadins, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan
ii. Bandharas and tals in Maharashtra
iii. Bundis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
iv. Ahars and pynes in Bihar
v. Ponds in the Kandi belt of Jammu region
vi. Eris(tanks) in Tamilnadu
vii. Surangams in Kerala
viii. Kattas in Karnataka


RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of
rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to runoff.
Uses include water for garden, water for livestock, water for
irrigation, water for domestic use with proper treatment, and
indoor heating for houses etc.
In many places the water collected is just redirected to a deep pit
with percolation.
In many places the water collected is just redirected to a deep pit
with percolation.
Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply
during regional water restrictions and in developed countries is
often used to supplement the main supply.
COAL
Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric
vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat
bogs.
The energy we get from coal today comes from the energy
that plants absorbed from the sun millions of years ago.
Coal formation began during the Carboniferous Period -
known as the first coal age - which spanned 360 million to
290 million years ago.
The build-up of silt and other sediments, together with
movements in the earth's crust - known as tectonic
movements - buried swamps and peat bogs, often to great
depths.
PETROLEUM
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-
black liquid found in geologic formations beneath
the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various
types of fuels.
It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights
and other organic compounds.
The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring
unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made
up of refined crude oil.
MANAGEMENT OF FOSSIL FUELS
Good Fuel Management can serve to position your
generating fleet to mitigate market extremes, maximize
commercial availability, and reduce asset ownership
costs.
We help our clients to develop and implement fuel
acquisition strategies with appropriate physical and
financial hedges.
Our specialists can help assess the impacts of changing
environmental standards on asset valuation, compliance
planning, fuel choice, unit operations and unit
retirements.
A well-run Fuel Management program
should consider the opportunities to
substantially reduce asset and
operational costs by including:

i. Fuel Switching, Fuel Blending, and Optimization

ii. Seeking Strategic Alliances with Upstream Partners

iii. Considering new Structures to increase Revenues and
Mitigate Risk such as Tolling and Netback Pricing

iv. Asset Sales, Leasebacks, and Outsourcing Arrangements

v. Utilizing new Productivity Enhancing Logistics Software

THANK
YOU !!!
- MIRAAJ KADAM