This document discusses drugs used in oral medicine and their effects. It covers drugs that may cause oral complications, drugs used to treat orofacial diseases, and how drug therapy can affect orofacial management of patients. Specific drugs are identified that can cause issues like oral ulcers, altered taste, halitosis, sialosis, and xerostomia. Therapeutic drugs discussed include analgesics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and others. Side effects of various drugs are also summarized.
This document discusses drugs used in oral medicine and their effects. It covers drugs that may cause oral complications, drugs used to treat orofacial diseases, and how drug therapy can affect orofacial management of patients. Specific drugs are identified that can cause issues like oral ulcers, altered taste, halitosis, sialosis, and xerostomia. Therapeutic drugs discussed include analgesics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and others. Side effects of various drugs are also summarized.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses drugs used in oral medicine and their effects. It covers drugs that may cause oral complications, drugs used to treat orofacial diseases, and how drug therapy can affect orofacial management of patients. Specific drugs are identified that can cause issues like oral ulcers, altered taste, halitosis, sialosis, and xerostomia. Therapeutic drugs discussed include analgesics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and others. Side effects of various drugs are also summarized.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Supervised by: Prof. Ali Al Zubaidi Aspects of drug treatment in oral medicine Some drug therapy may cause oral complications Drugs used for treatment of orofacial disease Drug therapy may affect orofacial managment of patient Drugs and specific oral complications Drugs which may cause oral ulceration NSAIDs Nicorandil Drugs which may cause alteration in taste ACE inhibitors, lithium salts, carbimazole, metronidazole,penicilinamine,allopurinol. Drugs which causes halitosis Alcohol Disulfiram Cytotoxic and xerogenic drugs (indirectly) Isosorbide dinitrate contd Drugs which may cause sialosis Alcohol Iodine components Thiouracil Sulfonamides Chlorhexidine Drugs associated with xerostomia Antidepressants Antihistamis Antipsychotic Antiparkinsoian agents Appetite suppressants diuretics Decongestants hypnotics contd Drugs that may cause oral pigmentation Oral contraceptives Antimalarial drugs Minocycline Tranquilizers Drugs which may cause lichenoid reaction NSAIDs ACE inhibitors Oral hypoglycemics Diuretics Antimalarial Penicillamine gold Contd
Drugs which may be related to
Erythema multiform incidence Sulfonamides Anticonvulsants Lupus erythromatosis Hydralazine Fixed drug eruption salicylates Drugs with therapeutic purpose Analgesics NSAIDs Aspirin: 3 main function: antipyretic, analgesic, reduce inflammation Side effects: epigastric distress, inhibition of platelet aggregation, respiratory depression, hypersensitivity, Rey’s syndrome Ibuprofen,naproxen Functions are like aspirin with less gastrointestinal irritation. mainly use in chronic treatment of osteoarthritis, gout disease,RA Contd Indomethacin Piroxicam uses are like ibuprofen, has long half-life so can be prescribed one a day Mefnamic acids may cause diarrhea, hemolytic anemia diclofenac contd Acetaminophen: substitute on NSAIDs inhibit PG synthesis in CNS. Less anti- inflammatory property. Hepatic necrosis is major side effect of toxic dose of paracetamol Opoids, Centrally acting analgesics (major analgesics)
Codeine: 30mg up to 4hourly
Pethidine: 50-100mg,25-100mg IM,25-50mg IV, more potent than codeine, has atropin like effect that may cause dry mouth, doesn't cause pupilary constriction Pentazocine:25-100mg, 30-6-mg i.m or i.v Morphine:10-20 mg i.m or i.v depress cough reflex, produce miosis,respiratory depression, urinary retention Anti microbials Indications: Rapidly progressive swelling Diffuse swelling Compromised host defences Involvement of facial spaces Sever pericoronitis Osteomyleitis prophylaxis Infective endocarditis Cerebrospinal rhinrrhoea In most facial or compound skull fractures Surgery following radiotherapy Antibiotics
Amoxicillin, ampicillin, coamoxiclave,ampiclox
They are usefull in most odontogenic infections, syphilis, gonorrhea Oxacilin is useful in submandibular sialolithiasis Metronidazol Active against anaerobic bacteria so useful in treatment of ANUG,periodontitis Erythromycin: substitute of penicillin in penicillin sensitive patients Clindamycin use in treatment of Osteomyleitis Tetracyclins anerobic infections,as mouthwash to prevent secondary infection of oral ulceration,chlamydia Cephalosporins Antifungal Nystatin 1000000U topically used in all cases of oral candidosis amphotricinB like nystatin topically use in all cases of oral candidiasis Azoles Itraconazole,ketoconazole,fluconazole they are systemic antifungal drugs. Antiviral agents Acyclovir Famciclovir Penciclovir They are used in treatment of viral infections in immune suppressed patients to prevent complications like herpes simplex infection or treatment of herpes zoster to prevent post herpetic neuralgia Immunosuppressive agents Corticosteroids Topical steroids Mouth washes Sprays Pastes Intralesional lozenges contd Systemic Prednisolone Before therapy monitor blood pressure, blood glucose level, weight Side effects Adrenal suppression Hypertension Sodium and water retention Diabetes Cushing’s syndrome Osteoporosis Peptic ulceration/ muscle wasting/ fat redistribution/growth suppression in children contd Azathioprin: steroid sparing drug Bone marrow suppression Ciclosporin Colchicin thalidomide Drugs which affect orofacial management Steroids Anticoagulants Anti hypertensives Hypoglycemics agent