Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It has extraordinary properties such as being very strong, nearly transparent, and highly electrically conductive. These properties make graphene promising for applications in electronics, where it could potentially replace silicon. Some key applications discussed include using graphene for touchscreens, flexible displays, solar cells, and future mobile devices that are faster, thinner, and more efficient than current silicon-based technologies.
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A short presentation of the futur materiau that's :Graphene
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It has extraordinary properties such as being very strong, nearly transparent, and highly electrically conductive. These properties make graphene promising for applications in electronics, where it could potentially replace silicon. Some key applications discussed include using graphene for touchscreens, flexible displays, solar cells, and future mobile devices that are faster, thinner, and more efficient than current silicon-based technologies.
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It has extraordinary properties such as being very strong, nearly transparent, and highly electrically conductive. These properties make graphene promising for applications in electronics, where it could potentially replace silicon. Some key applications discussed include using graphene for touchscreens, flexible displays, solar cells, and future mobile devices that are faster, thinner, and more efficient than current silicon-based technologies.
Submitted by, Kritica Sharma MTECH(Micro) 130402374 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS GRAPHNE STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS GRAPENE IN ADVANCED MOBILE TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS FUTURE CONLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION WHAT IS GRAPHENE?
Worlds first 2D crystal. Latest invented allotrope of Carbon Noble Prize for Physics 2010 Single layer hexagonal structure. Obtained from simple and abundant form of carbon : graphite . Thinnest ever material in the world.
What is GRAPHENE?
Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two- dimensional (2D)honeycomb structure ,which works on diffraction of electrons. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". Carbon-the basis of all known life on the earth-has surprised the scientific community once again with its exotic properties. Researchers have found that a form of carbon called graphene makes experiments possible that give new twist to electronics field. This devices are predicted to be substantially faster, thinner & more efficient than current silicon based devices.
THE GRAPHENE Sheets of graphene are bonded by loose bond in graphite. These bonds are broken and sheets are isolated to form graphene. These isolated hexagonal sheets are graphene. STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE Physical properties of Graphene
Density- density of graphene 0.77 mg/m2.
Z Strength- With its breaking strength 42 N/m it is 1000 times stronger than steel Optical transparency- graphene is almost transparent with its ability of absorb just 2.3% of light falling on it. Thinnest possible material Electrical properties
Different electronic structure. High electrical conductivity. Conductivity further can be increased by applying electric field. electrical conductivity of sheets are 10 times that of copper. Best known conductor till now
Electronic properties Graphene differs from most conventional three-dimensional materials. . Graphene has a remarkably high electron mobility at room temperature The mobility is nearly independent of temperature between 10 K and 100 K Resistivity of the graphene sheet would be 10 6 cm. Optical properties Unexpectedly high opacity for an atomic monolayer This is "a consequence of the unusual low-energy electronic structure of monolayer graphene It is further confirmed that such unique absorption could become saturated when the input optical intensity is above a threshold value Due to this special property, graphene has wide application in ultrafast photonics Thermal properties The near-room temperature thermal conductivity of graphene was recently measured to be between (4.840.44) 10 3 to (5.300.48) 10 3 Wm 1 K 1 . Mechanical properties As of 2009, graphene appears to be one of the strongest materials ever tested. Bulk strength is 130GPa Graphene sheets, held together by van der Waals forces
2200 times greater than steel
What makes Graphene different from others??? Unique structure. All in one properties. Low cost. Abundant element. Simple fabrication techniques. Chemically inert. Thermal stability.
Graphene makes experiments possible that give new twists to the phenomena in quantum physics. Applications in electrical engineering. Mechanical engineering. Most important in electronics engineering as component material. As a superconducting material. Micro electronics. Transparent conducting electrode. Solar cells Graphene bio devices.
Applications Will definitely replace silicon and germanium as device material. Conducting material on PCBs. Single molecule sensors Touchscreens Graphene transistor. Graphene integrated circuits. Graphene chips.
Electronics Engineering Graphene when converted into nanoribbon and nanotubes will replace silicon as semiconducting material. Due to its high electronic quality, graphene has also attracted the interest of technologists who see it as a way of constructing ballistic transistors. Graphene exhibits a pronounced response to perpendicular external electric fields, allowing one to build FETs. Graphene has excellent properties to be a vital component of integrated circuits Graphene transistors are conceivable and are ready to replace silicon transistors In 2009 researchers demonstrated four different types of logic gates, each consisting of a single graphene transistor It is capable of taking an incoming electrical signal of a certain frequency and an producing output signal that is a multiple of that frequency A recent publication has described a process for producing gram-quantities of graphene, by the reduction of ethanol by sodium metal, followed by pyrolysis of the ethoxide product, and washing with water to remove sodium salts Fabrication of electronic devices Can replace graphite in brushes of motors. Can be construction material for various electrical devices. When mixed with plastic can be used as conductor with higher strength. It will replace copper as conducting material.
Electrical engineering In Manufacturing process as Manufacturing material. As a composite material for machines ,cars. Defense. Airplanes, space shuttles , satellite.
Mechanical engineering GRAPHENE IN ADVANCED MOLBILE TECHNOLOGY Flexibility and Slim Graphene phones are very easily placed in the pocket Graphene phones are slimmer as compared to the smart phones. Graphene phones are thinner like floppy disc. Graphene phones can be also wore as wristwatches.
CONTD. Graphene phones as cannot be broken down as it is a metal. Both the graphene (carbon) and the silicon flex with the batterys charge cycles, but dont break. Thus the graphene phones are charged quickly and can remain charge for a longer time -Large memory capacity -Ultra-low power consumption -Compatible with state-of-the-art technology -Strong immunity to short channel effects
ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS
Higher electron mobility Works on principle of diffraction of electrons. Superb electron & heat conductivity, greater than copper. Very less breakover voltage, less than 0.3V It is transparent, yet so dense as even an atom of Helium cant pass through it. Stronger than diamond & steel Can be used to make anti bacterial materials as well as biodevices. Can make very light weight parts for auto bodies & armours
Single sheet of graphene is hard to produce. The new fabrication & manufacturing methods has to be evolved for normal use in electronics. Due to small voltage gain, practical use is limited. While graphene can be considered semiconductor like silicon, it lacks one crucial property- the ability to act as a switch. Graphene research has discovered hidden interactions that will affect the way components are designed from the superfast material.
Future In future the mobile technology would be completely dependent on the graphene. The phones would be connected on the laptop and computer without any device & then the work can be done on the laptop. Conclusion From above discussion it is concluded that Graphene is a material which has the capability to eliminate the current semiconductors such as silicon and form a new era of superfast micro electronics. From recent researches it is observed that , the most likely applications for Graphene will be in analogue systems , such as radar , satellite communication and imaging devices. There are many agencies which are working very hardly on graphene and they have founded the new graphene devices. Some of them are- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of U.S. D.O.D., Indian agencies such as D.R.D.O., Nanoscale science and technology group at the IBM Watson Research Centre in Ossining, NY, etc.