Water Pollution Management

in China
Presentation Overview
1. Context
2. Key Issues in Water
Resource and
Pollution
Management
3. Recommendations
1. Context
Current Critical Chinese plans & initiatives;
Water Pollution Control Section in 11
th
5-Year Plan
South to North Water Transfer Project
Water Pollution Control (WPC) are continuously
very critical:
Water quality not much better despite some
critical interventions (load reduction vs. quality
improvements),
Limited assimilation capacity
Health related effects of heavy water pollution
(SEPA, MWR, MoH shared concerns ).


China Context
China, Air, Land, and Water; Environmental
Priorities for a New Millennium. Recommendations;
Diversified Instrument Application (three Is)
Integrated River Basin Management
China CAS (03 05) included specific objective on:
Promotion of integrated river basin management
Managing Water Resources (ref. WB CH Water Strategy)
Other WB China related initiatives
Hai River and Bohai Sea-basin water management program
North China Water Quality Management Study
Environmental cost model, valuation of environmental health
risk

World Bank Context
Focus: Water quality, pollution, institutions
Funding: TFESSD
Methodology: desk review & data
collection through two case studies
Two critical subjects: WPC in
shallow lakes and river basins
Timing: Complete March 05
Chinese Partners: SEPA,CRAES
Beijing University, MWR, YRAES
Team: WB, NORPLAN, individual consultants
Scope & Methodology of Study
2. Key Issues in Water Resource
and Pollution Management
Total annual renewable water resources 2,800
billion m
3
/year (6
th
in the world)
Average per capita availability: 2,187 m
3
/year
(1/3 of world average)
2030: average per capita availability: 1,760 m
3
/year
(water scarcity threshold: 1,700 m
3
/year)
Water Demand:
Agriculture (decreasing)
Domestic (increasing)
Industrial (increasing)

Chinas Water Resources
Demand for Water is Increasing
Trends driving water consumption
Population Growth
Urbanization (higher per capita water consumption)
Trends driving water pollution
Economic Growth (aver. annual growth > 7-9% of GDP)
Changing agriculture
Increasing use of fertilizer & pesticides
Livestock Production
Environmental/ecological need is often neglected
Distribution of Water (river systems)
Water is not evenly distributed
South = Water Abundant
North = Water Scarce
Distribution of population and
industry does not match
distribution of water resoruces